Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Update

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Available in: DSQL, PSQL Added in: 1.5 Internal functions COALESCE() Description: The COALESCE function takes two or more arguments and returns the value of the first non-NULL argument. If all the arguments evaluate to NULL, the result is NULL. Result type: Depends on input. Syntax: Example: COALESCE (, [, ... ]) select coalesce (Nickname, FirstName, 'Mr./Mrs.') || ' ' || LastName as FullName from Persons This example picks the Nickname from the Persons table. If it happens to be NULL, it goes on to FirstName. If that too is NULL, “Mr./Mrs.” is used. Finally, it adds the family name. All in all, it tries to use the available data to compose a full name that is as informal as possible. Notice that this scheme only works if absent nicknames and first names are really NULL: if one of them is an empty string instead, COALESCE will happily return that to the caller. Note In Firebird 1.0.x, where COALESCE is not available, you can accomplish the same with the *nvl external functions. Available in: DSQL, PSQL Added in: 2.1 COS() Description: Returns an angle's cosine. The argument must be given in radians. Result type: DOUBLE PRECISION Syntax: COS (angle) 133
Internal functions • Any non-NULL result is – obviously – in the range [-1, 1]. Important If the external function COS is declared in your database, it will override the internal function. To make the internal function available, DROP or ALTER the external function (UDF). Available in: DSQL, PSQL Added in: 2.1 COSH() Description: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of the argument. Result type: DOUBLE PRECISION Syntax: COSH (number) • Any non-NULL result is in the range [1, INF]. Important If the external function COSH is declared in your database, it will override the internal function. To make the internal function available, DROP or ALTER the external function (UDF). Available in: DSQL, PSQL Added in: 2.1 COT() Description: Returns an angle's cotangent. The argument must be given in radians. Result type: DOUBLE PRECISION Syntax: COT (angle) Important If the external function COT is declared in your database, it will override the internal function. To make the internal function available, DROP or ALTER the external function (UDF). 134
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Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Upd
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Table of Contents 1. Introduction .
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Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update F
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Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update A
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Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update s
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Chapter 1 Introduction Subject matt
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Chapter 2 Reserved words and keywor
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LOCK LOG LOG10 LPAD MATCHED MATCHIN
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Chapter 3 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
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Example: select name, age, case upp
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Data types and subtypes • Partial
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Added in: 1.0, 1.5, 1.5.1, 2.0, 2.1
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Chapter 5 DDL statements The statem
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With a special attribute (case-sens
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DIFFERENCE FILE parameter Added in:
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CREATE DOMAIN Available in: DSQL, E
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Example: DDL statements create exce
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Syntax: Example: ALTER EXTERNAL FUN
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DDL statements -- the following que
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DDL statements PROCEDURE A stored p
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DDL statements Description: Firebir
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DDL statements NOT NULL in variable
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CREATE GENERATOR Available in: DSQL
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Better alternative: DROP SEQUENCE D
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) DDL statements lastname varchar(2
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USING INDEX subclause Available in:
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ALTER COLUMN: SET DEFAULT Available
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UNIQUE constraints now allow NULLs
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Example: DDL statements create trig
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Multi-action triggers Added in: 1.5
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NOT NULL in variable declarations C
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DDL statements Restriction on recre
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DDL statements got a chance to put
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ORDER BY Available in: DSQL, PSQL A
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DML statements ROWS can also be use
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DML statements COLLATE in variable
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The same call in ESQL (with obligat
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DML statements Description: A SELEC
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DML statements Aggregate functions
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Syntax: Example: Notes: ::= DML
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DML statements select d.dept_no, d.
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DML statements FIRST and SKIP are b
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DML statements select strlen(lastna
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DML statements Description: A natur
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DML statements • Only non-negativ
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Example: DML statements plan (MyTab
Page 94 and 95: UNIONs in subqueries Changed in: 2.
Page 96 and 97: Restrictions DML statements • The
Page 98 and 99: DML statements Description: Limits
Page 100 and 101: Chapter 7 Available in: DSQL Added
Page 102 and 103: Transaction control statements If t
Page 104 and 105: Transaction control statements •
Page 106 and 107: Chapter 8 PSQL statements PSQL - Pr
Page 108 and 109: PSQL statements • If sql_datatype
Page 110 and 111: Warning PSQL statements If you chan
Page 112 and 113: PSQL statements exception ex_bad_ty
Page 114 and 115: PSQL statements as declare variable
Page 116 and 117: Examples: PSQL statements thoroughl
Page 118 and 119: leave; end end c = 0; PSQL statemen
Page 120 and 121: Chapter 9 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
Page 122 and 123: Changed in: 2.0 Context variables D
Page 124 and 125: Context variables its execution was
Page 126 and 127: Context variables Description: OLD
Page 128 and 129: Chapter 10 Changed in: 2.0 Operator
Page 130 and 131: UNION as subselect Changed in: 2.0
Page 132 and 133: Chapter 11 Aggregate functions Aggr
Page 134 and 135: Chapter 12 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
Page 136 and 137: • If the argument is NULL, NULL i
Page 138 and 139: Result type: INTEGER or BIGINT Synt
Page 140 and 141: Result type: INTEGER Syntax: BIT_LE
Page 142 and 143: Internal functions This gives you c
Page 146 and 147: Available in: DSQL, PSQL Added in:
Page 148 and 149: Example: The equivalent CASE constr
Page 150 and 151: WEEK Bug alert Internal functions M
Page 152 and 153: Added in: 2.1 Internal functions De
Page 154 and 155: Internal functions • If x is nega
Page 156 and 157: Examples: Internal functions lpad (
Page 158 and 159: Internal functions This will return
Page 160 and 161: Internal functions overlay ('Goodby
Page 164 and 165: Internal functions Description: Cre
Page 166 and 167: Internal functions reverse ('Was it
Page 168 and 169: Added in: 2.1 Internal functions De
Page 170 and 171: Syntax: SINH (number) Important Int
Page 174 and 175: Notes: Internal functions • If th
Page 176 and 177: Description: Returns the arc cosine
Page 178 and 179: Declaration: External functions (UD
Page 180 and 181: Library: ib_udf Changed in: 1.0, 2.
Page 182 and 183: Better alternative: Internal functi
Page 184 and 185: External functions (UDFs) Descripti
Page 186 and 187: Syntax: cot (angle) Declaration: Ex
Page 188 and 189: Declaration: External functions (UD
Page 190 and 191: Library: ib_udf Added in: IB Change
Page 192 and 193: Changed in: 1.5, 1.5.2, 2.0 Better
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External functions (UDFs) DECLARE E
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See sright. Library: fbudf Added in
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Notes: External functions (UDFs) Fo
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Syntax: sign (number) Declaration:
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Library: fbudf Added in: 1.0 (Win),
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Notes: External functions (UDFs) th
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Better alternative: Internal functi
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Appendix A: Notes Character set NON
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Table A.1. How TPB settings affect
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Notes A note on CSTRING parameters
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Notes Maximum number of indices in
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Document History DDL statements ::
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Document History Internal functions
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Appendix C: License notice The cont
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Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Update

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