Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Update

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DIFFERENCE FILE parameter Added in: 2.0 DDL statements Description: The DIFFERENCE FILE parameter was added in Firebird 2.0, but not documented at the time. For a full description, see ALTER DATABASE :: ADD DIFFERENCE FILE. ALTER DATABASE Available in: DSQL, ESQL Description: Alters a database's file organisation or toggles its “safe-to-copy” state. Syntax: ALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [ [ ...]] [ADD DIFFERENCE FILE 'filepath' | DROP DIFFERENCE FILE] [{BEGIN | END} BACKUP] ::= ADD [ ...] ::= FILE 'filepath' [STARTING [AT [PAGE]] pagenum] [LENGTH [=] num [PAGE[S]] The DIFFERENCE FILE and BACKUP clauses, added in Firebird 2.0, are not available in ESQL. BEGIN BACKUP Available in: DSQL Added in: 2.0 Description: Freezes the main database file so that it can be backed up safely by filesystem means, even while users are connected and perform operations on the data. Any mutations to the database will be written to a separate file, the delta file. Contrary to what the syntax suggests, this statement does not initiate the backup itself; it merely creates the conditions. Example: alter database begin backup END BACKUP Available in: DSQL Added in: 2.0 19
DDL statements Description: Merges the delta file back into the main database file and restores the normal state of operation, thus closing the time window during which safe backups could be made via the filesystem. (Safe backups with gbak are still possible.) Example: alter database end backup Tip Instead of BEGIN and END BACKUP, consider using Firebird's nbackup tool: it can freeze and unfreeze the main database file as well as make full and incremental backups. A manual for nbackup is available via the Firebird Documentation Index. ADD DIFFERENCE FILE Available in: DSQL Added in: 2.0 Description: Presets path and name of the delta file to which mutations are written when the database goes into “copy-safe” mode after an ALTER DATABASE BEGIN BACKUP command. Example: Notes: alter database add difference file 'C:\Firebird\Databases\Fruitbase.delta' • This statement doesn't really add any file. It just overrides the default path and name for the delta file that will be created if and when the database enters copy-safe mode. • If you provide a relative path or a bare filename here, it will be appended to the current directory as seen from the server. On Windows, this is often the system directory. • If you want to change an existing setting, DROP the old one first and then ADD the new one. • When not overridden, the delta file gets the same path and filename as the database itself, but with the extension .delta DROP DIFFERENCE FILE Available in: DSQL Added in: 2.0 Description: Removes the delta file path and name that were previously set with ALTER DATABASE ADD DIFFERENCE FILE. This statement doesn't really drop a file. It only erases the preset path and/or filename that would otherwise have been used the next time the database went into copy-safe mode, and reverts to the default behaviour. Example: alter database drop difference file 20
Page 1 and 2: Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Upd
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents 1. Introduction .
Page 6 and 7: Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update F
Page 8 and 9: Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update A
Page 10 and 11: Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update s
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1 Introduction Subject matt
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 2 Reserved words and keywor
Page 16 and 17: LOCK LOG LOG10 LPAD MATCHED MATCHIN
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 3 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
Page 20 and 21: Example: select name, age, case upp
Page 22 and 23: Data types and subtypes • Partial
Page 24 and 25: Added in: 1.0, 1.5, 1.5.1, 2.0, 2.1
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 5 DDL statements The statem
Page 28 and 29: With a special attribute (case-sens
Page 32 and 33: CREATE DOMAIN Available in: DSQL, E
Page 34 and 35: Example: DDL statements create exce
Page 36 and 37: Syntax: Example: ALTER EXTERNAL FUN
Page 38 and 39: DDL statements -- the following que
Page 40 and 41: DDL statements PROCEDURE A stored p
Page 42 and 43: DDL statements Description: Firebir
Page 44 and 45: DDL statements NOT NULL in variable
Page 46 and 47: CREATE GENERATOR Available in: DSQL
Page 48 and 49: Better alternative: DROP SEQUENCE D
Page 50 and 51: ) DDL statements lastname varchar(2
Page 52 and 53: USING INDEX subclause Available in:
Page 54 and 55: ALTER COLUMN: SET DEFAULT Available
Page 56 and 57: UNIQUE constraints now allow NULLs
Page 58 and 59: Example: DDL statements create trig
Page 60 and 61: Multi-action triggers Added in: 1.5
Page 62 and 63: NOT NULL in variable declarations C
Page 64 and 65: DDL statements Restriction on recre
Page 66 and 67: DDL statements got a chance to put
Page 68 and 69: ORDER BY Available in: DSQL, PSQL A
Page 70 and 71: DML statements ROWS can also be use
Page 72 and 73: DML statements COLLATE in variable
Page 74 and 75: The same call in ESQL (with obligat
Page 76 and 77: DML statements Description: A SELEC
Page 78 and 79: DML statements Aggregate functions
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Syntax: Example: Notes: ::= DML
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DML statements select d.dept_no, d.
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DML statements FIRST and SKIP are b
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DML statements select strlen(lastna
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DML statements Description: A natur
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DML statements • Only non-negativ
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Example: DML statements plan (MyTab
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UNIONs in subqueries Changed in: 2.
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Restrictions DML statements • The
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DML statements Description: Limits
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Chapter 7 Available in: DSQL Added
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Transaction control statements If t
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Transaction control statements •
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Chapter 8 PSQL statements PSQL - Pr
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PSQL statements • If sql_datatype
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Warning PSQL statements If you chan
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PSQL statements exception ex_bad_ty
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PSQL statements as declare variable
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Examples: PSQL statements thoroughl
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leave; end end c = 0; PSQL statemen
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Chapter 9 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
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Changed in: 2.0 Context variables D
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Context variables its execution was
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Context variables Description: OLD
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Chapter 10 Changed in: 2.0 Operator
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UNION as subselect Changed in: 2.0
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Chapter 11 Aggregate functions Aggr
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Chapter 12 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
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• If the argument is NULL, NULL i
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Result type: INTEGER or BIGINT Synt
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Result type: INTEGER Syntax: BIT_LE
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Internal functions This gives you c
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Available in: DSQL, PSQL Added in:
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Example: The equivalent CASE constr
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WEEK Bug alert Internal functions M
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Added in: 2.1 Internal functions De
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Internal functions • If x is nega
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Examples: Internal functions lpad (
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Internal functions This will return
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Internal functions overlay ('Goodby
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Internal functions Description: Cre
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Internal functions reverse ('Was it
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Added in: 2.1 Internal functions De
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Syntax: SINH (number) Important Int
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Notes: Internal functions • If th
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Description: Returns the arc cosine
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Declaration: External functions (UD
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Library: ib_udf Changed in: 1.0, 2.
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Better alternative: Internal functi
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External functions (UDFs) Descripti
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Syntax: cot (angle) Declaration: Ex
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Declaration: External functions (UD
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Library: ib_udf Added in: IB Change
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Changed in: 1.5, 1.5.2, 2.0 Better
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External functions (UDFs) DECLARE E
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See sright. Library: fbudf Added in
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Notes: External functions (UDFs) Fo
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Syntax: sign (number) Declaration:
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Library: fbudf Added in: 1.0 (Win),
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Notes: External functions (UDFs) th
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Better alternative: Internal functi
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Appendix A: Notes Character set NON
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Table A.1. How TPB settings affect
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Notes A note on CSTRING parameters
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Notes Maximum number of indices in
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Document History DDL statements ::
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Document History Internal functions
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Appendix C: License notice The cont
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Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Update

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