Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Update

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DDL statements NOT NULL in variable and parameter declarations Changed in: 2.1 Description: Firebird 2.1 and up allow NOT NULL constraints in declarations of input/output parameters and local variables. See CREATE PROCEDURE for syntax and details. Restriction on altering used procedures Changed in: 2.0, 2.0.1 Description: In Firebird 2.0 only, a restriction is in place which prevents anyone from dropping, altering or recreating a trigger or stored procedure if it has been used since the database was opened. This restriction has been removed again in version 2.0.1. Still, performing these operations on a live database is potentially risky and should only be done with the utmost care. CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE Available in: DSQL Added in: 1.5 Description: If the procedure does not yet exist, it is created just as if CREATE PROCEDURE were used. If it already exists, it is altered and recompiled. Existing permissions and dependencies are preserved. Syntax: Exactly the same as for CREATE PROCEDURE. DROP PROCEDURE Available in: DSQL, ESQL Restriction on dropping used procedures Changed in: 2.0, 2.0.1 Description: In Firebird 2.0 only, a restriction is in place which prevents anyone from dropping, altering or recreating a trigger or stored procedure if it has been used since the database was opened. This restriction has been removed again in version 2.0.1. Still, performing these operations on a live database is potentially risky and should only be done with the utmost care. RECREATE PROCEDURE Available in: DSQL 33
Added in: 1.0 DDL statements Description: Creates or recreates a stored procedure. If a procedure with the same name already exists, RECRE- ATE PROCEDURE will try to drop it and create a new procedure. RECREATE PROCEDURE will fail if the existing SP is in use. Syntax: Exactly the same as CREATE PROCEDURE. Restriction on recreating used procedures Changed in: 2.0, 2.0.1 Description: In Firebird 2.0 only, a restriction is in place which prevents anyone from dropping, altering or recreating a trigger or stored procedure if it has been used since the database was opened. This restriction has been removed again in version 2.0.1. Still, performing these operations on a live database is potentially risky and should only be done with the utmost care. CREATE SEQUENCE Available in: DSQL Added in: 2.0 SEQUENCE or GENERATOR Description: Creates a new sequence or generator. SEQUENCE is the SQL-compliant term for what InterBase and Firebird have always called a generator. CREATE SEQUENCE is fully equivalent to CREATE GENERATOR and is the recommended syntax from Firebird 2.0 onward. Syntax: Example: CREATE SEQUENCE sequence-name create sequence seqtest Because internally sequences and generators are the same thing, you can freely mix the generator and sequence syntaxes, even when operating on the same object. This is not recommended however. Sequences (or generators) are always stored as 64-bit integer values, regardless of the database dialect. However: • If the client dialect is set to 1, the server passes generator values as truncated 32-bit values to the client. • If generator values are fed into a 32-bit field or variable, all goes well until the actual value exceeds the 32-bit range. At that point, a dialect 3 database will raise an error whereas a dialect 1 database will silently truncate the value (which could also lead to an error, e.g. if the receiving field has a unique key defined on it). See also: ALTER SEQUENCE, NEXT VALUE FOR, DROP SEQUENCE 34
Page 1 and 2: Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Upd
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents 1. Introduction .
Page 6 and 7: Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update F
Page 8 and 9: Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update A
Page 10 and 11: Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update s
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1 Introduction Subject matt
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 2 Reserved words and keywor
Page 16 and 17: LOCK LOG LOG10 LPAD MATCHED MATCHIN
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 3 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
Page 20 and 21: Example: select name, age, case upp
Page 22 and 23: Data types and subtypes • Partial
Page 24 and 25: Added in: 1.0, 1.5, 1.5.1, 2.0, 2.1
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 5 DDL statements The statem
Page 28 and 29: With a special attribute (case-sens
Page 30 and 31: DIFFERENCE FILE parameter Added in:
Page 32 and 33: CREATE DOMAIN Available in: DSQL, E
Page 34 and 35: Example: DDL statements create exce
Page 36 and 37: Syntax: Example: ALTER EXTERNAL FUN
Page 38 and 39: DDL statements -- the following que
Page 40 and 41: DDL statements PROCEDURE A stored p
Page 42 and 43: DDL statements Description: Firebir
Page 46 and 47: CREATE GENERATOR Available in: DSQL
Page 48 and 49: Better alternative: DROP SEQUENCE D
Page 50 and 51: ) DDL statements lastname varchar(2
Page 52 and 53: USING INDEX subclause Available in:
Page 54 and 55: ALTER COLUMN: SET DEFAULT Available
Page 56 and 57: UNIQUE constraints now allow NULLs
Page 58 and 59: Example: DDL statements create trig
Page 60 and 61: Multi-action triggers Added in: 1.5
Page 62 and 63: NOT NULL in variable declarations C
Page 64 and 65: DDL statements Restriction on recre
Page 66 and 67: DDL statements got a chance to put
Page 68 and 69: ORDER BY Available in: DSQL, PSQL A
Page 70 and 71: DML statements ROWS can also be use
Page 72 and 73: DML statements COLLATE in variable
Page 74 and 75: The same call in ESQL (with obligat
Page 76 and 77: DML statements Description: A SELEC
Page 78 and 79: DML statements Aggregate functions
Page 80 and 81: Syntax: Example: Notes: ::= DML
Page 82 and 83: DML statements select d.dept_no, d.
Page 84 and 85: DML statements FIRST and SKIP are b
Page 86 and 87: DML statements select strlen(lastna
Page 88 and 89: DML statements Description: A natur
Page 90 and 91: DML statements • Only non-negativ
Page 92 and 93: Example: DML statements plan (MyTab
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UNIONs in subqueries Changed in: 2.
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Restrictions DML statements • The
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DML statements Description: Limits
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Chapter 7 Available in: DSQL Added
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Transaction control statements If t
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Transaction control statements •
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Chapter 8 PSQL statements PSQL - Pr
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PSQL statements • If sql_datatype
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Warning PSQL statements If you chan
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PSQL statements exception ex_bad_ty
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PSQL statements as declare variable
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Examples: PSQL statements thoroughl
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leave; end end c = 0; PSQL statemen
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Chapter 9 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
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Changed in: 2.0 Context variables D
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Context variables its execution was
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Context variables Description: OLD
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Chapter 10 Changed in: 2.0 Operator
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UNION as subselect Changed in: 2.0
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Chapter 11 Aggregate functions Aggr
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Chapter 12 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
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• If the argument is NULL, NULL i
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Result type: INTEGER or BIGINT Synt
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Result type: INTEGER Syntax: BIT_LE
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Internal functions This gives you c
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Available in: DSQL, PSQL Added in:
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Example: The equivalent CASE constr
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WEEK Bug alert Internal functions M
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Added in: 2.1 Internal functions De
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Internal functions • If x is nega
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Examples: Internal functions lpad (
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Internal functions This will return
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Internal functions overlay ('Goodby
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Internal functions Description: Cre
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Internal functions reverse ('Was it
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Added in: 2.1 Internal functions De
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Syntax: SINH (number) Important Int
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Notes: Internal functions • If th
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Description: Returns the arc cosine
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Declaration: External functions (UD
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Library: ib_udf Changed in: 1.0, 2.
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Better alternative: Internal functi
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External functions (UDFs) Descripti
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Syntax: cot (angle) Declaration: Ex
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Declaration: External functions (UD
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Library: ib_udf Added in: IB Change
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Changed in: 1.5, 1.5.2, 2.0 Better
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External functions (UDFs) DECLARE E
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See sright. Library: fbudf Added in
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Notes: External functions (UDFs) Fo
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Syntax: sign (number) Declaration:
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Library: fbudf Added in: 1.0 (Win),
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Notes: External functions (UDFs) th
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Better alternative: Internal functi
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Appendix A: Notes Character set NON
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Table A.1. How TPB settings affect
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Notes A note on CSTRING parameters
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Notes Maximum number of indices in
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Document History DDL statements ::
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Document History Internal functions
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Appendix C: License notice The cont
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Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Update

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