Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Update

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Data types and subtypes • Partial support for STARTING [WITH], LIKE and CONTAINING: an error is raised if the second argument is 32 KB or longer. • SELECT DISTINCT, ORDER BY and GROUP BY work on the BLOB ID, not the contents. This makes them as good as useless, except that SELECT DISTINCT weeds out multiple NULLs, if present. GROUP BY behaves oddly in that it groups together equal rows if they are adjacent, but not if they are apart. • Any issues with BLOBs in internal functions and aggregate functions are discussed in their respective sections. Various enhancements Changed in: 2.0 Description: In Firebird 2.0, several enhancements have been implemented for text BLOBs: • DML COLLATE clauses are now supported. • Equality comparisons can be performed on the full BLOB contents. • Character set conversions are possible when assigning a BLOB to a BLOB or a string to a BLOB. When defining binary BLOBs, the mnemonic binary can now be used instead of the integer 0. Examples: select NameBlob from MyTable where NameBlob collate pt_br = 'João' create table MyPictures ( id int not null primary key, title varchar(40), description varchar(200), picture blob sub_type binary ) Added in: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.1 New character sets The following table lists the character sets added in Firebird. Table 4.1. Character sets new in Firebird Name Max bytes/ch. Languages Added in CP943C 2 Japanese 2.1 DOS737 1 Greek 1.5 DOS775 1 Baltic 1.5 DOS858 1 = DOS850 plus € sign 1.5 11
Data types and subtypes Name Max bytes/ch. Languages Added in DOS862 1 Hebrew 1.5 DOS864 1 Arabic 1.5 DOS866 1 Russian 1.5 DOS869 1 Modern Greek 1.5 GBK 2 Chinese 2.1 ISO8859_2 1 Latin-2, Central European 1.0 ISO8859_3 1 Latin-3, Southern European 1.5 ISO8859_4 1 Latin-4, Northern European 1.5 ISO8859_5 1 Cyrillic 1.5 ISO8859_6 1 Arabic 1.5 ISO8859_7 1 Greek 1.5 ISO8859_8 1 Hebrew 1.5 ISO8859_9 1 Latin-5, Turkish 1.5 ISO8859_13 1 Latin-7, Baltic Rim 1.5 KOI8R 1 Russian 2.0 KOI8U 1 Ukrainian 2.0 TIS620 1 Thai 2.1 UTF8 (*) 4 All 2.0 WIN1255 1 Hebrew 1.5 WIN1256 1 Arabic 1.5 WIN1257 1 Baltic 1.5 WIN1258 1 Vietnamese 2.0 (*) In Firebird 1.5, UTF8 is an alias for UNICODE_FSS. This character set has some inherent problems. In Firebird 2, UTF8 is a character set in its own right, without the drawbacks of UNICODE_FSS. Changed in: 1.5.1 Character set NONE handling changed Description: Firebird 1.5.1 has improved the way character set NONE data are moved to and from fields or variables with another character set, resulting in fewer transliteration errors. For more details, see the Note at the end of the book. 12
Page 1 and 2: Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Upd
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents 1. Introduction .
Page 6 and 7: Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update F
Page 8 and 9: Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update A
Page 10 and 11: Firebird 2.1 Language Ref. Update s
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1 Introduction Subject matt
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 2 Reserved words and keywor
Page 16 and 17: LOCK LOG LOG10 LPAD MATCHED MATCHIN
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 3 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
Page 20 and 21: Example: select name, age, case upp
Page 24 and 25: Added in: 1.0, 1.5, 1.5.1, 2.0, 2.1
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 5 DDL statements The statem
Page 28 and 29: With a special attribute (case-sens
Page 30 and 31: DIFFERENCE FILE parameter Added in:
Page 32 and 33: CREATE DOMAIN Available in: DSQL, E
Page 34 and 35: Example: DDL statements create exce
Page 36 and 37: Syntax: Example: ALTER EXTERNAL FUN
Page 38 and 39: DDL statements -- the following que
Page 40 and 41: DDL statements PROCEDURE A stored p
Page 42 and 43: DDL statements Description: Firebir
Page 44 and 45: DDL statements NOT NULL in variable
Page 46 and 47: CREATE GENERATOR Available in: DSQL
Page 48 and 49: Better alternative: DROP SEQUENCE D
Page 50 and 51: ) DDL statements lastname varchar(2
Page 52 and 53: USING INDEX subclause Available in:
Page 54 and 55: ALTER COLUMN: SET DEFAULT Available
Page 56 and 57: UNIQUE constraints now allow NULLs
Page 58 and 59: Example: DDL statements create trig
Page 60 and 61: Multi-action triggers Added in: 1.5
Page 62 and 63: NOT NULL in variable declarations C
Page 64 and 65: DDL statements Restriction on recre
Page 66 and 67: DDL statements got a chance to put
Page 68 and 69: ORDER BY Available in: DSQL, PSQL A
Page 70 and 71: DML statements ROWS can also be use
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DML statements COLLATE in variable
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The same call in ESQL (with obligat
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DML statements Description: A SELEC
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DML statements Aggregate functions
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Syntax: Example: Notes: ::= DML
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DML statements select d.dept_no, d.
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DML statements FIRST and SKIP are b
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DML statements select strlen(lastna
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DML statements Description: A natur
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DML statements • Only non-negativ
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Example: DML statements plan (MyTab
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UNIONs in subqueries Changed in: 2.
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Restrictions DML statements • The
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DML statements Description: Limits
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Chapter 7 Available in: DSQL Added
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Transaction control statements If t
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Transaction control statements •
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Chapter 8 PSQL statements PSQL - Pr
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PSQL statements • If sql_datatype
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Warning PSQL statements If you chan
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PSQL statements exception ex_bad_ty
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PSQL statements as declare variable
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Examples: PSQL statements thoroughl
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leave; end end c = 0; PSQL statemen
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Chapter 9 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
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Changed in: 2.0 Context variables D
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Context variables its execution was
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Context variables Description: OLD
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Chapter 10 Changed in: 2.0 Operator
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UNION as subselect Changed in: 2.0
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Chapter 11 Aggregate functions Aggr
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Chapter 12 Available in: DSQL, PSQL
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• If the argument is NULL, NULL i
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Result type: INTEGER or BIGINT Synt
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Result type: INTEGER Syntax: BIT_LE
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Internal functions This gives you c
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Available in: DSQL, PSQL Added in:
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Page 148 and 149:
Example: The equivalent CASE constr
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WEEK Bug alert Internal functions M
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Added in: 2.1 Internal functions De
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Internal functions • If x is nega
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Examples: Internal functions lpad (
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Internal functions This will return
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Internal functions overlay ('Goodby
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Page 164 and 165:
Internal functions Description: Cre
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Internal functions reverse ('Was it
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Added in: 2.1 Internal functions De
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Syntax: SINH (number) Important Int
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Page 174 and 175:
Notes: Internal functions • If th
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Description: Returns the arc cosine
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Declaration: External functions (UD
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Library: ib_udf Changed in: 1.0, 2.
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Better alternative: Internal functi
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External functions (UDFs) Descripti
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Syntax: cot (angle) Declaration: Ex
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Declaration: External functions (UD
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Library: ib_udf Added in: IB Change
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Changed in: 1.5, 1.5.2, 2.0 Better
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External functions (UDFs) DECLARE E
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See sright. Library: fbudf Added in
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Notes: External functions (UDFs) Fo
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Syntax: sign (number) Declaration:
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Library: fbudf Added in: 1.0 (Win),
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Notes: External functions (UDFs) th
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Better alternative: Internal functi
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Appendix A: Notes Character set NON
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Table A.1. How TPB settings affect
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Notes A note on CSTRING parameters
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Notes Maximum number of indices in
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Document History DDL statements ::
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Document History Internal functions
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Appendix C: License notice The cont
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Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Update

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