Vaporization of JP-8 Jet Fuel in a Simulated Aircraft Fuel Tank ...

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1.1 Diagram of a Boeing 747-400 with locations of all fuel storage tanks 5
1.2 Schematic of the 747-100 CWT with locations of the different bays 5
2.1 Distribution of n-alkane components by carbon atoms in two fuels with
flashpoints of 115°F and 120°F, from [21] 14
2.2 Qualitative relation between flammability limits and temperature and altitude
(pressure) 16
3.1 View of top surface of fuel tank. Heated sample lines are the black hoses
connected to the sample panel. 24
3.2 View of the fuel tank inside the environmental chamber. The fuel drums
used for fill and drain are in the foreground. The control booth is to the
right of the chamber. 24
3.3 View of the instrumentation rack. From top to bottom are: Pressure
transducer display, span gas manifold, hydrocarbon analyzer, temperature
controller panel, and heated sample pump. 25
5.0 Measured and adjusted pressure profiles for a 10,000’ altitude flight
profile test 33
5.1 Measured ullage and floor temperature for a dry tank at 30,000’ (4.6 psia) 34
5.2 Measured ullage and fuel temperature for a partially filled tank
(M.L.=31.5 kg/m 3 ) at sea level 34
5.3 Measured tank temperatures and calculated ullage temperatures for a dry
tank at 30,000’ (4.6 psia) 35
5.4 Average measured ullage temperature and calculated bulk ullage temperature
for a partially filled tank (M.L.=31.5 kg/m 3 ) at sea level 35
5.5 Isooctane fuel vaporization at atmospheric pressure and reduced ambient
temperature, M.L.=31.5 kg/m 3 37
5.6 JP-8 fuel vaporization at sea-level, constant ambient pressure and temperature;
comparison of calculated and measured ullage vapor concentration,
M.L. =31.5kg/m 3 38
x