Vaporization of JP-8 Jet Fuel in a Simulated Aircraft Fuel Tank ...

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NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturer's names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. This document does not constitute FAA certification policy. Consult your local FAA aircraft certification office as to its use. This document represents the views of the author and does not represent the views of the FAA. The FAA assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The FAA has not edited or modified the contents of the report in any manner. This report is available at the Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center's Full-Text Technical Reports page: actlibrary.tc.faa.gov in Adobe Acrobat portable document format (PDF).
1. Report No. DOT/FAA/AR-TT09/42 4. Title and Subtitle 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. VAPORIZATION OF JP-8 JET FUEL IN A SIMULATED AIRCRAFT FUEL TANK UNDER VARYING AMBIENT CONDITIONS 7. Author(s) Robert Ian Ochs 9. Performing Organization Name and Address Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center Airport and Aircraft Safety Research and Development Division Fire Safety Team Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, 08405 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration NextGen & Operations Planning Office of Research and Technology Development Washington, DC 20591 15. Supplementary Notes Technical Report Documentation Page 5. Report Date August 2009 6. Performing Organization Code 8. Performing Organization Report No. 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 11. Contract or Grant No. 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Technical Thesis 14. Sponsoring Agency Code ANM-112 The Federal Aviation Administration Airport and Aircraft Safety R&D Division Technical Monitor was Fred Snyder. This work was conducted in partial fulfillment of the degree requirements for a Master’s degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, which was awarded to the author by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey in May 2005. Copyright© May 2005 by Robert Ian Ochs All Rights Reserved. The FAA has not edited or modified the contents of the report in any manner. 16. Abstract This study has been performed to aid in the effort to minimize the possibility of a fuel tank explosion in a commercial aircraft. An understanding of the mechanisms behind fuel vaporization processes in an aircraft fuel tank is essential to developing accident prevention techniques. An experiment was designed to measure the conditions existing within a heated aluminum fuel tank, partially filled with JP-8 jet fuel, under varying ambient conditions similar to those encountered by an in-flight aircraft. Comprehensive fuel tank data, including all temperatures, pressure, and ullage hydrocarbon concentration, was obtained during testing, and is available for use to validate heat and mass transfer calculations. An existing model was employed in this work to calculate ullage temperature and ullage fuel vapor concentration in the tank and compare with measured values, to explain the transport processes occurring in the tank during testing, and to estimate the flammability of the ullage vapors existing within the tank. The calculations made by the model were in good agreement with the measured data. The model also gave a good indication of the temporal mass transport processes occurring in the tank and gave a reasonable assessment of the ullage vapor flammability in the tank. 17. Key Words JP-8, Jet fuel, Vaporization, Fuel tank, Flammability, Modeling 19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified 20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified 18. Distribution Statement Form DOT F1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized This document is available to the U.S. public through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Springfield, Virginia 22161. 21. No. of Pages 86 22. Price
Page 1: DOT/FAA/AR-TT09/42 Air Traffic Orga
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS VAPORIZATION
Page 7 and 8: DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated
Page 9 and 10: 5.0 RESULTS 32 5.1 Validation Tests
Page 11 and 12: 5.7 JP-8 fuel vaporization at sea l
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Compa
Page 15 and 16: develop procedures to lessen the li
Page 17 and 18: When it was determined that a CWT e
Page 19 and 20: 1.3 Objectives of the Thesis The ul
Page 21 and 22: has more additives, such as an anti
Page 23 and 24: equilibrium is dynamic in nature, b
Page 25 and 26: factor in making these calculations
Page 27 and 28: Volume Fraction, % 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 29 and 30: 0.035±0.004 at 0°C [26]. The publ
Page 31 and 32: Raleigh numbers which were of order
Page 33 and 34: loading of fuel and be subjected to
Page 35 and 36: pressures. The heaters in the pump
Page 37 and 38: Figure 3.1. View of top surface of
Page 39 and 40: the tank and the ullage vapor conce
Page 41 and 42: attempted, but provided inaccurate
Page 43 and 44: pump that could draw samples from a
Page 45 and 46: 5.0 RESULTS When inputting the expe
Page 47 and 48: etween measured and predicted value
Page 49 and 50: 5.1.2 Isooctane Fuel Vaporization T
Page 51 and 52: higher altitudes, as continuous sam
Page 53 and 54:
Temperature, Deg. F. 140 120 100 80
Page 55 and 56:
Temperature, Deg. F. 70 60 50 40 30
Page 57 and 58:
% Propane Equivalent 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Page 59 and 60:
% Propane Equivalent 3 2.5 2 1.5 1
Page 61 and 62:
liquid fuel the mass of fuel evapor
Page 63 and 64:
In the beginning of the test, the l
Page 65 and 66:
6.2 Flammability Assessment 6.2.1 F
Page 67 and 68:
average measured liquid temperature
Page 69 and 70:
Fuel to Air Mass Ratio 0.05 0.045 0
Page 71 and 72:
6.2.2 Fuel Tank Under Varying Ambie
Page 73 and 74:
Fuel to Air Mass Ratio 0.045 0.04 0
Page 75 and 76:
Fuel to Air Mass Ratio 0.05 0.04 0.
Page 77 and 78:
temperature measurements would be r
Page 79 and 80:
Which is appropriate for Raleigh nu
Page 81 and 82:
d dt ( mg c pgTg ) = hb Ab ( Tb −
Page 83 and 84:
APPENDIX C: EXPERIMENTAL FUEL FLASH
Page 85 and 86:
13. Fuel Flammability Task Group, A
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