Vaporization of JP-8 Jet Fuel in a Simulated Aircraft Fuel Tank ...

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Pressure, psia 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 P=14.56913 P= -0.00523t+32.834 P=4.896 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 Time, seconds P=14.579 P=0.005t-44.366 Measured Pressure Adjusted Pressure Figure 5.0. Measured and adjusted pressure profiles for a 10,000’ altitude flight profile test. 5.1 Validation Tests 5.1.1 Tank Mixing Results with a dry tank test at 30,000’ altitude (4.6 psia) are displayed in figure 5.1, showing the lower tank surface temperature and the measured ullage temperatures from the three thermocouples located at different positions in the ullage. Similar results are shown in figure 5.2 for a tank at sea level ambient pressure containing liquid fuel at a loading of 31.5 kg/m 3 . The results in figures 5.1 and 5.2 are typical of all of the data and show that all three ullage thermocouples measured about the same value or within the measurement error of ±1°F. This confirmed that the bulk ullage gas in the test tank was well mixed due to the turbulent natural convection within the tank. Figures 5.3 and 5.4 show a comparison of the mean measured ullage temperature (average of the three ullage thermocouple measurements) with the ullage temperature predicted by the model in ref [11]. The good agreement, within approximately 2%, 33
etween measured and predicted values is typical of the agreement for the remaining data sets, and serves as validation of the tank overall energy balance calculations in the model. Temperature, Deg. F. 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Thermocouple Error 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Time, seconds Left Ullage Center Ullage Right Ullage Floor Temperature Figure 5.1. Measured ullage and floor temperature for a dry tank at 30,000’ (4.6 psia). Temperature, Deg. F. 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Thermocouple Error 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Time, seconds Left Ullage Center Ullage Right Ullage Fuel Temperature Figure 5.2. Measured ullage and fuel temperature for a partially filled tank (M.L.=31.5 kg/m 3 ) at sea level. 34
Page 1 and 2: DOT/FAA/AR-TT09/42 Air Traffic Orga
Page 3 and 4: 1. Report No. DOT/FAA/AR-TT09/42 4.
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS VAPORIZATION
Page 7 and 8: DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated
Page 9 and 10: 5.0 RESULTS 32 5.1 Validation Tests
Page 11 and 12: 5.7 JP-8 fuel vaporization at sea l
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Compa
Page 15 and 16: develop procedures to lessen the li
Page 17 and 18: When it was determined that a CWT e
Page 19 and 20: 1.3 Objectives of the Thesis The ul
Page 21 and 22: has more additives, such as an anti
Page 23 and 24: equilibrium is dynamic in nature, b
Page 25 and 26: factor in making these calculations
Page 27 and 28: Volume Fraction, % 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 29 and 30: 0.035±0.004 at 0°C [26]. The publ
Page 31 and 32: Raleigh numbers which were of order
Page 33 and 34: loading of fuel and be subjected to
Page 35 and 36: pressures. The heaters in the pump
Page 37 and 38: Figure 3.1. View of top surface of
Page 39 and 40: the tank and the ullage vapor conce
Page 41 and 42: attempted, but provided inaccurate
Page 43 and 44: pump that could draw samples from a
Page 45: 5.0 RESULTS When inputting the expe
Page 49 and 50: 5.1.2 Isooctane Fuel Vaporization T
Page 51 and 52: higher altitudes, as continuous sam
Page 53 and 54: Temperature, Deg. F. 140 120 100 80
Page 55 and 56: Temperature, Deg. F. 70 60 50 40 30
Page 57 and 58: % Propane Equivalent 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Page 59 and 60: % Propane Equivalent 3 2.5 2 1.5 1
Page 61 and 62: liquid fuel the mass of fuel evapor
Page 63 and 64: In the beginning of the test, the l
Page 65 and 66: 6.2 Flammability Assessment 6.2.1 F
Page 67 and 68: average measured liquid temperature
Page 69 and 70: Fuel to Air Mass Ratio 0.05 0.045 0
Page 71 and 72: 6.2.2 Fuel Tank Under Varying Ambie
Page 73 and 74: Fuel to Air Mass Ratio 0.045 0.04 0
Page 75 and 76: Fuel to Air Mass Ratio 0.05 0.04 0.
Page 77 and 78: temperature measurements would be r
Page 79 and 80: Which is appropriate for Raleigh nu
Page 81 and 82: d dt ( mg c pgTg ) = hb Ab ( Tb −
Page 83 and 84: APPENDIX C: EXPERIMENTAL FUEL FLASH
Page 85 and 86: 13. Fuel Flammability Task Group, A

Vaporization of JP-8 Jet Fuel in a Simulated Aircraft Fuel Tank ...

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