Vaporization of JP-8 Jet Fuel in a Simulated Aircraft Fuel Tank ...

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Fuel to Air Mass Ratio 0.045 0.04 0.035 0.03 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 LFL Range 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Time, seconds Calculated FAR, 115 FP Calculated FAR, 120 FP Figure 6.5. Temporal change in FAR for a heated fuel tank at sea level with constant ambient temperature and lower flammability range [26]. LeChatelier's Ratio 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 LeChatelier's Flammability Limit 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Time, seconds LeChatelier's Ratio, 115 FP LeChatelier's Ratio, 120 FP Figure 6.6. Temporal Temporal change in in calculated calculated Le Chatelier’s ratio ratio calculated for two two fuels with flashpoints of 115°F and 120°F for a heated fuel tank at sea level and Le Chatelier’s Chatelier’s flammability limit [27]. 55
Fuel to Air Mass Ratio 0.05 0.045 0.04 0.035 0.03 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 LFL Range Increasing Liquid Temperature 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Time, seconds TLIQ TLIQ+5 TLIQ+10 Figure 6.7. Liquid temperature effects on mixture flammability using the FAR rule [26]; heated tank at sea level with constant ambient temperature and pressure. Le Chatelier's Ratio 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Le Chatelier's Flammability Limit Increasing Liquid Temperature 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Time, seconds TLIQ TLIQ+5 TLIQ+10 Figure 6.8. Liquid temperature temperature effects on mixture flammability using Le Chatelier’s flammability rule [27]; heated tank at sea level with constant ambient temperature temperature and pressure. 56
Page 1 and 2:
DOT/FAA/AR-TT09/42 Air Traffic Orga
Page 3 and 4:
1. Report No. DOT/FAA/AR-TT09/42 4.
Page 5 and 6:
ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS VAPORIZATION
Page 7 and 8:
DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated
Page 9 and 10:
5.0 RESULTS 32 5.1 Validation Tests
Page 11 and 12:
5.7 JP-8 fuel vaporization at sea l
Page 13 and 14:
LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Compa
Page 15 and 16:
develop procedures to lessen the li
Page 17 and 18: When it was determined that a CWT e
Page 19 and 20: 1.3 Objectives of the Thesis The ul
Page 21 and 22: has more additives, such as an anti
Page 23 and 24: equilibrium is dynamic in nature, b
Page 25 and 26: factor in making these calculations
Page 27 and 28: Volume Fraction, % 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 29 and 30: 0.035±0.004 at 0°C [26]. The publ
Page 31 and 32: Raleigh numbers which were of order
Page 33 and 34: loading of fuel and be subjected to
Page 35 and 36: pressures. The heaters in the pump
Page 37 and 38: Figure 3.1. View of top surface of
Page 39 and 40: the tank and the ullage vapor conce
Page 41 and 42: attempted, but provided inaccurate
Page 43 and 44: pump that could draw samples from a
Page 45 and 46: 5.0 RESULTS When inputting the expe
Page 47 and 48: etween measured and predicted value
Page 49 and 50: 5.1.2 Isooctane Fuel Vaporization T
Page 51 and 52: higher altitudes, as continuous sam
Page 53 and 54: Temperature, Deg. F. 140 120 100 80
Page 55 and 56: Temperature, Deg. F. 70 60 50 40 30
Page 57 and 58: % Propane Equivalent 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Page 59 and 60: % Propane Equivalent 3 2.5 2 1.5 1
Page 61 and 62: liquid fuel the mass of fuel evapor
Page 63 and 64: In the beginning of the test, the l
Page 65 and 66: 6.2 Flammability Assessment 6.2.1 F
Page 67: average measured liquid temperature
Page 71 and 72: 6.2.2 Fuel Tank Under Varying Ambie
Page 73 and 74: Fuel to Air Mass Ratio 0.045 0.04 0
Page 75 and 76: Fuel to Air Mass Ratio 0.05 0.04 0.
Page 77 and 78: temperature measurements would be r
Page 79 and 80: Which is appropriate for Raleigh nu
Page 81 and 82: d dt ( mg c pgTg ) = hb Ab ( Tb −
Page 83 and 84: APPENDIX C: EXPERIMENTAL FUEL FLASH
Page 85 and 86: 13. Fuel Flammability Task Group, A
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Vaporization of JP-8 Jet Fuel in a Simulated Aircraft Fuel Tank ...

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