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PERSPECTIVES 1498 NATURAL HISTORY Beyond the Chimpanzee Genome: The Threat of Extinction M. D. Hauser related Editorial page 1457; News story page 1468; Perspective page 1499; Science Express Report by P. Khaitovich et al. 1499 GENOMICS Thoughts on the Future of Great Ape Research E. H. McConkey and A. Varki related Editorial page 1457; News story page 1468; Perspective page 1498; Science Express Report by P. Khaitovich et al. 1501 PHYSICS Manipulating Magnetism in a Single Molecule M. F. Crommie related Report page 1542 1502 PHYSICS Reduced Turbulence and New Opportunities for Fusion K. Krushelnick and S. Cowley SCIENCE EXPRESS www.sciencexpress.org EVOLUTION: Parallel Patterns of Evolution in the Genomes and Transcriptomes of Humans and Chimpanzees P. Khaitovich et al. Similar genes are expressed in many organs of the chimp and human; those expressed in the testes have evolved considerably in both species, as have those expressed in the human brain. related Editorial page 1457; News story page 1468; Perspectives pages 1498 and 1499 CELL BIOLOGY: Movement of Eukaryotic mRNAs Between Polysomes and Cytoplasmic Processing Bodies M. Brengues, D. Teixeira, R. Parker Cytoplasmic organelles called P-bodies cannot only degrade messenger RNA but can store it for later release into the protein translation machinery. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Direct Isolation of Satellite Cells for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration D. Montarras, J. Morgan, C. Collins, F. Relaix, S. Zaffran, A. Cumano, T. Partridge, M. Buckingham Satellite muscle cells isolated from the diaphragm of a healthy mouse can restore function when grafted into muscles of a dystrophic mouse. APPLIED PHYSICS: Coherent Manipulation of Coupled Electron Spins in Semiconductor Quantum Dots J. R. Petta et al. Fast electrical pulses can be used to manipulate, exchange, and prolong the spin state of electrons in a pair of quantum dots, representing a quantum logic gate. TECHNICAL COMMENT ABSTRACTS 1492 PALEONTOLOGY Comment on “Independent Origins of Middle Ear Bones in Monotremes and Therians” (I) G. S. Bever, T. Rowe, E. G. Ekdale, T. E. Macrini, M. W. Colbert, A. M. Balanoff full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5740/1492a Comment on “Independent Origins of Middle Ear Bones in Monotremes and Therians” (II) G. W. Rougier, A. M. Forasiepi, A. G. Martinelli full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5740/1492b Response to Comments on “Independent Origins of Middle Ear Bones in Monotremes and Therians” T. H. Rich, J. A. Hopson, A. M. Musser, T. F. Flannery, P. Vickers-Rich full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5740/1492c BREVIA 1533 VIROLOGY: Major Biocontrol of Plant Tumors Targets tRNA Synthetase J. S. Reader, P. T. Ordoukhanian, J.-G. Kim, V. de Crécy-Lagard, I. Hwang, S. Farrand, P. Schimmel A biocontrol agent for the crown gall virus acts by inactivating the transfer RNA synthetase for leucine, an approach that might be useful in targeting other plant diseases. RESEARCH ARTICLE 1534 STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY: Inositol Hexakisphosphate Is Bound in the ADAR2 Core and Required for RNA Editing M. R. Macbeth, H. L. Schubert, A. P. VanDemark, A. T. Lingam, C. P. Hill, B. L. Bass An enzyme that “edits” messenger RNA by converting adenosine to inosine contains an essential inositol hexakisphosphate at its core, possibly to stabilize a protein fold. REPORTS 1539 MATERIALS SCIENCE: Single-Molecule Torsional Pendulum J. C. Meyer, M. Paillet, S. Roth A metal block suspended on a single-walled carbon nanotube, which acts as a spring, forms a torsional pendulum that is visible in the optical microscope. 1542 PHYSICS: Controlling the Kondo Effect of an Adsorbed Magnetic Ion Through Its Chemical Bonding A. Zhao, Q. Li, L. Chen, H. Xiang, W. Wang, S. Pan, B. Wang, X. Xiao, J. Yang, J. G. Hou, Q. Zhu Changing the local chemical environment of a cobalt ion adsorbed on a gold surface can lead to strong coupling between its magnetic moment and conduction electrons. related Perspective page 1501 1545 MATERIALS SCIENCE: The Ultrasmoothness of Diamond-like Carbon Surfaces M. Moseler, P. Gumbsch, C. Casiraghi, A. C. Ferrari, J. Robertson Diamond-like films produced from a hail of high-energy carbon atoms are extremely smooth because locally induced particle currents smooth out hills and valleys. 1501 & 1542 1548 Contents continued www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 309 2 SEPTEMBER 2005 1447
© The New Yorker Collection 1998 Frank Cotham from cartoonbank.com. All Rights Reserved. Visit us at booth # 403 ASHG Annual Meeting Oct. 26-28 “Unfortunately, there’s no cure – there’s not even a race for a cure.” There is now. It’s a new day in genetics. For the first time, both pharmaceutical and academic investigators are initiating whole genome case-control studies that analyze millions of unique SNPs in hundreds of patients. And, by partnering with Perlegen, they are finding answers to questions that were previously out of reach. If you have access to DNA samples for a well-characterized phenotype, we would like to meet with you. Our scientists and analysts collaborate with you to perform, analyze and publish whole genome association studies in months, not years. Patients are waiting. Join the race. To partner, contact: Partnerships11@perlegen.com www.perlegen.com Targeting today’s drugs. Discovering tomorrow’s. TM © 2005 Perlegen
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B OOKS ET AL. of the relationship b
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G LOBAL V OICES OF S CIENCE as an i
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PERSPECTIVES NATURAL HISTORY Beyond
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P ERSPECTIVES Selection Chimpanzee
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P ERSPECTIVES observed by STM for s
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The W. M. Keck Foundation is proud
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Now it’s your turn to rock the wo
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RNA S PECIAL S ECTION REVIEW RNA St
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Inositol Hexakisph
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R ESEARCH A RTICLE IP 6 is required
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R ESEARCH A RTICLE Fig. 6. (A) Edit
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R EPORTS SWNT allows for an easily
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R EPORTS Controlling the Kondo Effe
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R EPORTS system. Moreover, the crys
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R EPORTS cylindrical shells centere
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R EPORTS downhill currents is quite
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R EPORTS The long-term behavior of
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R EPORTS Our second method for esti
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R EPORTS realizations reduces noise
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R EPORTS large majority of transcri
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R EPORTS Fig. 3. Noncoding RNA prom
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R EPORTS Antisense Transcription in
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R EPORTS transcripts are processed
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R EPORTS A Strategy for Probing the
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R EPORTS increase in NFAT activity
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R EPORTS ER-HA-RL expression was si
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Q: Where can I present my research
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