in vitro culture and isoenzyme analysis of giardia lamblia

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estimated. The tubes were then incubated at a 5° angle for 30 minutes at 35,5°C. Medium with cryopreservant and dead cells was gently poured off and replaced with fresh TYI-S-33. The cultures were incubated and maintained as in 5.2.2.3 until adequate confluent growth was obtained. 129
6.3 RESULTS Trophozoites have been successfully preserved for periods varying from 23 days to approximately 2 years. Qualitative assessment upon retrieval revealed 70-80% viability of trophozoites. Within 30 minutes, more than 50% of the trophozoites were adhering to the inner surface of the glass culture tubes (Plate 6.1). Confluent cells were seen within 48h of culture (Plates 6.2 & 6.3). All retrieved samples have been re-established in culture: a 100% success rate has been achieved using both electronically controlled (6 times) and mechanical (15 times) cooling techniques. Table 6.1 presents the records of duration of preservation of the 6 local isolates and the two reference strains. Viable cultures of the retrieved trophozoites have been maintained in culture for several months and cryopreserved again with success. A reserve supply (cryobank) has been established for the 6-axenised local strains. Plate 6.1 Trophozoites of Giardia lamblia that had been cryopreserved for 2 ~onths 17 days. The organisms were retrieved from cryopreservation and Incubated at 35,5°C for 30mins in TYI-S33 medium and residual DMSO. More than 50% of the organisms are adhering to the tube inner surface. (400x) 130
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IN VITRO CULTURE AND ISOENZYME ANAL
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(j)edicated to my {ate parents :No
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the positive specimens by sucrose g
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Declaration This study represents o
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes
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Table of Contents Page CHAPTER 1 -
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4.2.1. Animal Sourcing and Care ...
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APPENDIX 8 List of enzyme systems u
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List of Tables Page Table 1.1 Commo
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List of Plates Page Plate 2.1 An eo
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ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREM
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agi/is in 1882. In 1914, Alexeieff
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unique about Giardia in humans, whi
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To-date, use of the different speci
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Differentiation into the cyst stage
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1.3 Transmission 1.3.1 Human hosts
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Owen, 1984) 1.3. 2 The Zoonosis of
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1.4 Distribution The morbidity and
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children by Schutte et al. in 1981
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of (a) the enormous absorptive capa
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Ig M (100% of patients), IgG (70%),
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chymotrypsin) between different iso
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impact on the physical growth of 29
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Figure 1.3. Transmission Electron m
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among children between the ages of
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where immunocompromised mice have p
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up to 4 distinct genotypes within e
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in initiation of infection (excysta
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In order to address these and many
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multiple stool examinations in 4 of
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2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.2.1 Spe
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Table 2.1. Semi-quantitative assess
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2.2.3.2 The modified Zinc sulphate
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Preliminary work with five samples
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% Viability = unstained cysts/total
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Table 2.3. Prevalence of Giardia in
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Table 2. 4. Monthly summary of stoo
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spp (59%). Other parasites less fre
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Observations • A large proportion
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Plate 2.1. An eosin-stained prepara
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2.4 DISCUSSION In terms of yield, i
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examination of wet preparations. Th
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ecognised (on unstained preparation
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cultivation in vitro (Kasprzak & Ma
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3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS Three exc
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3.2.3 The modified Acid Pepsin meth
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• After 15 minutes incubation: Ma
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Plate 3.2 (b) A completely excysted
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Twenty-four batches of cysts (71 %
Page 99 and 100: 3.3.3 The modified Acid Pepsin excy
Page 101 and 102: 3.4 DISCUSSION Since our source of
Page 103 and 104: an unreliable indicator of viabilit
Page 105 and 106: propagating Giardia for subsequent
Page 107 and 108: 4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 4.2.1. An
Page 109 and 110: A litter comprising of 7 C57BU6 mic
Page 111 and 112: for attached trophozoites and maint
Page 113 and 114: days pi. However, accurate quantifi
Page 115 and 116: Table 4.4. Summary of the inoculati
Page 117 and 118: not be infected in comparison with
Page 119 and 120: A proportionately higher percentage
Page 121 and 122: These findings strongly suggest tha
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTERS IN VITRO CULTURE OF GIARDI
Page 125 and 126: Diamond et al.'s (1978) medium. He
Page 127 and 128: Majewska, 1985) United States (Nash
Page 129 and 130: were evaluated. 5,2,1,2 Biosate Bio
Page 131 and 132: Table 5.1 Outlines a relative semi-
Page 133 and 134: dislodged by chilling the culture t
Page 135 and 136: Table 5.2. Sensitivity to Ciproflox
Page 137 and 138: Table 5.3. Summary results of in vi
Page 139 and 140: Once established in culture for a l
Page 141 and 142: Plates 5.3 and 5.4 Confluent growth
Page 143 and 144: difficult to produce viable culture
Page 145 and 146: dominance of certain genotypes unde
Page 147 and 148: Cryopreservation and successful ret
Page 149: adjusted to 5°C per minute from am
Page 153 and 154: Table 6.1. A longevity record of sa
Page 155 and 156: Diamond (1995) stated that an impor
Page 157 and 158: into two categories. One group cont
Page 159 and 160: technique to the first local (South
Page 161 and 162: for Giardia Iysates. These included
Page 163 and 164: 4. To exclude the presence of bacte
Page 165 and 166: Plate 7.1 Banding pattern of 8 seri
Page 167 and 168: PGM activity was displayed by Giard
Page 169 and 170: Plate 7.6. Hexokinase Lane 1. Unino
Page 171 and 172: Plate 7.8. Phosphogluconate dehydro
Page 173 and 174: stably expressed between different
Page 175 and 176: techniques, which would allow diffe
Page 177 and 178: Belosevic M, Faubert GM, MacLean JD
Page 179 and 180: Farthing MJG, Mata L, Urrutia JJ, K
Page 181 and 182: Heidelberg pp.397-398. Hiatt RA, Ma
Page 183 and 184: patients with X-linked agammaglobul
Page 185 and 186: Press, Calgary. pp 57-58. Nash TE,
Page 187 and 188: of Entamoeba histolytica in a group
Page 189 and 190: Wolfe M. S.1979. Giardiasis. Sympos
Page 191 and 192: APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 Information t
Page 193 and 194: Unayo imvume yokunqaba ukungenela l
Page 195 and 196: Appendix 3 Excystation and culture
Page 197 and 198: Appendix 4 Results of excystation a
Page 199 and 200: Appendix 5 Results of in vitro (aci
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Key to Appendix 5 *Replicated inocu
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Appendix 7 Preparation of culture m
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Appendix 8 List of enzyme systems u
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Appendix 9 Appendix (9a) Preparatio
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Appendix 10. Quantitative descripti
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in vitro culture and isoenzyme analysis of giardia lamblia

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