in vitro culture and isoenzyme analysis of giardia lamblia

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Microbiology. 13: 882-884. Tsuchiya H. 1931 . Changes in morphology of Giardia canis as affected by diet. Proceedings of The Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 28 :708-709. Ukoli FMA. 1984. Introduction to Parasitology in Tropical Africa. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester. pp. 395-397. Upaydhay P,Ganguly NK, Mahajan RC, Walia BN.1985. Intestinal uptake of nutrients in normal and malnourished animals infected with Giardia lamblia. Digestion. 32: (4) 243-248. Upcroft JA, Boreham PFL, Campbell RW, Shepherd RW, Upcroft P. 1995. Biological and genetic analysis of a longitudinal collection of Giardia samples derived from humans. Acta Tropica. 60 :335-46. Upcroft J, Mitchell R, Upcroft P. 1994. Heterogeneity of Giardia duodenalis. In Thompson RCA, Reynoldson JA, Lymbery AJ.(eds) Giardia: From molecules to disease.Cab International, Wallingford, UK. pp. 58-59. Vinayak VK, Kumkum KR. 1989. Serum antibodies to giardial surface antigens: lower titers in persistent than in non-persistent giardiasis. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 30: 207-212. Visvesvara GS. 1980. Axenic growth of Giardia lamblia in Diamonds TPS-1 medium. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 74 (2) 213-214. Visvesvara GS, Dickerson JW, Healy GR .1988. Variable infectivity of humanderived Giardia lamblia cysts for Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 26: (5)837-841. Wallis PM, Wallis HM. 1986. Excystation and culturing of human and animal Giardia spp. By using gerbils and TYI-S-33 medium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.51 :(3) 647-651. Walker JC, Conner G, Christopher PJ. et al. 1986. A presumed epidemic of Giardiasis. Medical Journal of Australia. 145: 548-549. Warhurst DC, Wright S.G. 1979. Cryopreservation of Giardia intestinalis. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 73: (5) 601. Webster ADB. 1980. Giardiasis and immunodeficiency diseases. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 74: 440-448. Weiss JB, van Keulen H, Nash TE. 1992. Classification of subgroups of Giardia lamblia based upon ribosomal RNA gene sequence using the polymerase chain reaction. Molecular and Biochemical ParasitologY. 54:73-86. 167
Wolfe M. S.1979. Giardiasis. Symposium on unusual infections. Paediatric Clinics of North America. 26: (2) 295-303. Yardley JH, 8ayless OM. 1967. Giardiasis. Gastroenterology. 52: (2) 301-304. 168
Page 1 and 2:
IN VITRO CULTURE AND ISOENZYME ANAL
Page 3 and 4:
(j)edicated to my {ate parents :No
Page 5 and 6:
the positive specimens by sucrose g
Page 7 and 8:
Declaration This study represents o
Page 9 and 10:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes
Page 11 and 12:
Table of Contents Page CHAPTER 1 -
Page 13 and 14:
4.2.1. Animal Sourcing and Care ...
Page 15 and 16:
APPENDIX 8 List of enzyme systems u
Page 17 and 18:
List of Tables Page Table 1.1 Commo
Page 19 and 20:
List of Plates Page Plate 2.1 An eo
Page 21 and 22:
ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREM
Page 23 and 24:
agi/is in 1882. In 1914, Alexeieff
Page 25 and 26:
unique about Giardia in humans, whi
Page 27 and 28:
To-date, use of the different speci
Page 29 and 30:
Differentiation into the cyst stage
Page 31 and 32:
1.3 Transmission 1.3.1 Human hosts
Page 33 and 34:
Owen, 1984) 1.3. 2 The Zoonosis of
Page 35 and 36:
1.4 Distribution The morbidity and
Page 37 and 38:
children by Schutte et al. in 1981
Page 39 and 40:
of (a) the enormous absorptive capa
Page 41 and 42:
Ig M (100% of patients), IgG (70%),
Page 43 and 44:
chymotrypsin) between different iso
Page 45 and 46:
impact on the physical growth of 29
Page 47 and 48:
Figure 1.3. Transmission Electron m
Page 49 and 50:
among children between the ages of
Page 51 and 52:
where immunocompromised mice have p
Page 53 and 54:
up to 4 distinct genotypes within e
Page 55 and 56:
in initiation of infection (excysta
Page 57 and 58:
In order to address these and many
Page 59 and 60:
multiple stool examinations in 4 of
Page 61 and 62:
2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.2.1 Spe
Page 63 and 64:
Table 2.1. Semi-quantitative assess
Page 65 and 66:
2.2.3.2 The modified Zinc sulphate
Page 67 and 68:
Preliminary work with five samples
Page 69 and 70:
% Viability = unstained cysts/total
Page 71 and 72:
Table 2.3. Prevalence of Giardia in
Page 73 and 74:
Table 2. 4. Monthly summary of stoo
Page 75 and 76:
spp (59%). Other parasites less fre
Page 77 and 78:
Observations • A large proportion
Page 79 and 80:
Plate 2.1. An eosin-stained prepara
Page 81 and 82:
2.4 DISCUSSION In terms of yield, i
Page 83 and 84:
examination of wet preparations. Th
Page 85 and 86:
ecognised (on unstained preparation
Page 87 and 88:
cultivation in vitro (Kasprzak & Ma
Page 89 and 90:
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS Three exc
Page 91 and 92:
3.2.3 The modified Acid Pepsin meth
Page 93 and 94:
• After 15 minutes incubation: Ma
Page 95 and 96:
Plate 3.2 (b) A completely excysted
Page 97 and 98:
Twenty-four batches of cysts (71 %
Page 99 and 100:
3.3.3 The modified Acid Pepsin excy
Page 101 and 102:
3.4 DISCUSSION Since our source of
Page 103 and 104:
an unreliable indicator of viabilit
Page 105 and 106:
propagating Giardia for subsequent
Page 107 and 108:
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 4.2.1. An
Page 109 and 110:
A litter comprising of 7 C57BU6 mic
Page 111 and 112:
for attached trophozoites and maint
Page 113 and 114:
days pi. However, accurate quantifi
Page 115 and 116:
Table 4.4. Summary of the inoculati
Page 117 and 118:
not be infected in comparison with
Page 119 and 120:
A proportionately higher percentage
Page 121 and 122:
These findings strongly suggest tha
Page 123 and 124:
CHAPTERS IN VITRO CULTURE OF GIARDI
Page 125 and 126:
Diamond et al.'s (1978) medium. He
Page 127 and 128:
Majewska, 1985) United States (Nash
Page 129 and 130:
were evaluated. 5,2,1,2 Biosate Bio
Page 131 and 132:
Table 5.1 Outlines a relative semi-
Page 133 and 134:
dislodged by chilling the culture t
Page 135 and 136:
Table 5.2. Sensitivity to Ciproflox
Page 137 and 138: Table 5.3. Summary results of in vi
Page 139 and 140: Once established in culture for a l
Page 141 and 142: Plates 5.3 and 5.4 Confluent growth
Page 143 and 144: difficult to produce viable culture
Page 145 and 146: dominance of certain genotypes unde
Page 147 and 148: Cryopreservation and successful ret
Page 149 and 150: adjusted to 5°C per minute from am
Page 151 and 152: 6.3 RESULTS Trophozoites have been
Page 153 and 154: Table 6.1. A longevity record of sa
Page 155 and 156: Diamond (1995) stated that an impor
Page 157 and 158: into two categories. One group cont
Page 159 and 160: technique to the first local (South
Page 161 and 162: for Giardia Iysates. These included
Page 163 and 164: 4. To exclude the presence of bacte
Page 165 and 166: Plate 7.1 Banding pattern of 8 seri
Page 167 and 168: PGM activity was displayed by Giard
Page 169 and 170: Plate 7.6. Hexokinase Lane 1. Unino
Page 171 and 172: Plate 7.8. Phosphogluconate dehydro
Page 173 and 174: stably expressed between different
Page 175 and 176: techniques, which would allow diffe
Page 177 and 178: Belosevic M, Faubert GM, MacLean JD
Page 179 and 180: Farthing MJG, Mata L, Urrutia JJ, K
Page 181 and 182: Heidelberg pp.397-398. Hiatt RA, Ma
Page 183 and 184: patients with X-linked agammaglobul
Page 185 and 186: Press, Calgary. pp 57-58. Nash TE,
Page 187: of Entamoeba histolytica in a group
Page 191 and 192: APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 Information t
Page 193 and 194: Unayo imvume yokunqaba ukungenela l
Page 195 and 196: Appendix 3 Excystation and culture
Page 197 and 198: Appendix 4 Results of excystation a
Page 199 and 200: Appendix 5 Results of in vitro (aci
Page 201 and 202: Key to Appendix 5 *Replicated inocu
Page 203 and 204: Appendix 7 Preparation of culture m
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 8 List of enzyme systems u
Page 207 and 208: Appendix 9 Appendix (9a) Preparatio
Page 209: Appendix 10. Quantitative descripti
show all

in vitro culture and isoenzyme analysis of giardia lamblia

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?