FM 5-0, The Operations Process - Federation of American Scientists
FM 5-0, The Operations Process - Federation of American Scientists
FM 5-0, The Operations Process - Federation of American Scientists
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Glossary<br />
operational art<br />
(joint) <strong>The</strong> application <strong>of</strong> creative imagination by commanders and staffs—supported by their skill,<br />
knowledge, and experience—to design strategies, campaigns, and major operations and organize and<br />
employ military forces. Operational art integrates ends, ways, and means across the levels <strong>of</strong> war.<br />
(JP 3-0)<br />
operational environment<br />
(joint) A composite <strong>of</strong> the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment <strong>of</strong><br />
capabilities and bear on the decisions <strong>of</strong> the commander. (JP 3-0)<br />
operational initiative<br />
<strong>The</strong> setting or dictating the terms <strong>of</strong> action throughout an operation. (<strong>FM</strong> 3-0)<br />
operational limitation<br />
(joint) An action required or prohibited by higher authority, such as a constraint or a restraint, and<br />
other restrictions that limit the commander’s freedom <strong>of</strong> action, such as diplomatic agreements, rules<br />
<strong>of</strong> engagement, political and economic conditions in affected countries, and host nation issues. (JP 5-0)<br />
order<br />
(joint) A communication, written, oral, or by signal, which conveys instructions from a superior to a<br />
subordinate. (JP 1-02)<br />
*parallel planning<br />
Two or more echelons planning for the same operation nearly simultaneously.<br />
*persistent conflict<br />
<strong>The</strong> protracted confrontation among state, nonstate, and individual actors that are increasingly willing<br />
to use violence to achieve their political and ideological ends.<br />
phase<br />
(Army) A planning and execution tool used to divide an operation in duration or activity. A change in<br />
phase usually involves a change <strong>of</strong> mission, task organization, or rules <strong>of</strong> engagement. Phasing helps in<br />
planning and controlling and may be indicated by time, distance, terrain, or an event. (<strong>FM</strong> 3-0)<br />
planning<br />
<strong>The</strong> process by which commanders (and the staff, if available) translate the commander’s visualization<br />
into a specific course <strong>of</strong> action for preparation and execution, focusing on the expected results.<br />
(<strong>FM</strong> 3-0)<br />
*planning horizon<br />
A point in time commanders use to focus the organization’s planning efforts to shape future events.<br />
preparation<br />
Activities performed by units to improve their ability to execute an operation. Preparation includes, but<br />
is not limited to, plan refinement; rehearsals; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance;<br />
coordination; inspections; and movement. (<strong>FM</strong> 3-0)<br />
*priority <strong>of</strong> support<br />
A priority set by the commander to ensure a subordinate unit has support in accordance with its<br />
relative importance to accomplish the mission.<br />
*rehearsal<br />
A session in which a staff or unit practices expected actions to improve performance during execution.<br />
restraint<br />
(joint) Requirement placed on the command by a higher command that prohibits an action, thus<br />
restricting freedom <strong>of</strong> action. (JP 5-0)<br />
*running estimate<br />
<strong>The</strong> continuous assessment <strong>of</strong> the current situation used to determine if the current operation is<br />
proceeding according to the commander’s intent and if planned future operations are supportable.<br />
26 March 2010 <strong>FM</strong> 5-0 Glossary-7