FM 5-0, The Operations Process - Federation of American Scientists

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Foreword The environment in which we conduct operations is characterized by four clear trends: growing uncertainty, rapid change, increased competitiveness, and greater decentralization. Given these trends, our leaders must expect and be prepared to confront a variety of complex problems, most of which will include myriad interdependent variables and all of which will include a human dimension. With the publication of FM 5-0, The Operations Process, and the introduction of design into our doctrine, we highlight the importance of understanding complex problems more fully before we seek to solve them through our traditional planning processes. Design is neither a process nor a checklist. It is a critical and creative thinking methodology to help commanders understand the environment, analyze problems, and consider potential approaches so they can exploit opportunities, identify vulnerabilities, and anticipate transitions during a campaign. Commanders apply design to understand before entering the visualize, describe, direct, lead, and assess cycle. Einstein once said, “If I were given one hour to save the planet, I would spend 59 minutes defining the problem and one minute resolving it.” Combining design with the military decisionmaking process provides Army leaders with a more comprehensive approach to problem solving under conditions of complexity and uncertainty. The mission narrative produced through design enables leaders to articulate the context in which they operate to both subordinates and superiors alike. In addition to the introduction of design, this revision of FM 5-0 builds on and expands the body of doctrine associated with full spectrum operations described in the 2008 edition of FM 3-0, Operations. Moving beyond planning and orders production, this manual holistically addresses planning, preparation, execution, and assessment in the continuous learning cycle of the operations process. It reinforces the central role of commanders in the operations process through battle command—applying the art and science of understanding, visualizing, describing, directing, leading, and assessing operations—in exercising effective command and control. The intent of FM 5-0 is to encourage greater flexibility through critical thought, action, and initiative. Army leaders must not only develop effective plans, they must be able to convert those plans into timely action while maintaining the capability to reframe and adapt as the situation changes in an increasingly dynamic operational environment. MARTIN E. DEMPSEY General, U.S. Army Commanding General U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command
*FM 5-0 Field Manual No. 5-0 Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 26 March 2010 The Operations Process Contents PREFACE............................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF THE OPERATIONS PROCESS .................................... 1-1 The Nature of Operations ................................................................................... 1-1 Command and Control ....................................................................................... 1-3 The Operations Process ..................................................................................... 1-9 Integrating Processes and Continuing Activities .............................................. 1-12 Running Estimates ........................................................................................... 1-13 Chapter 2 PLANNING ......................................................................................................... 2-1 Planning and Plans ............................................................................................. 2-1 Planning and the Levels of War ......................................................................... 2-1 The Value of Planning ........................................................................................ 2-2 Conceptual and Detailed Planning ..................................................................... 2-6 Fundamentals of Planning .................................................................................. 2-9 Key Components of a Plan ............................................................................... 2-14 Chapter 3 DESIGN .............................................................................................................. 3-1 Design Defined ................................................................................................... 3-1 Design Goals ...................................................................................................... 3-2 Design in Context ............................................................................................... 3-3 Leading Design ................................................................................................... 3-6 Design Methodology ........................................................................................... 3-7 Chapter 4 PREPARATION ................................................................................................. 4-1 Preparation Functions ........................................................................................ 4-1 Preparation and the Operations Process ........................................................... 4-2 Preparation Activities .......................................................................................... 4-3 Chapter 5 EXECUTION ....................................................................................................... 5-1 Fundamentals of Execution ................................................................................ 5-1 Responsibilities During Execution ...................................................................... 5-3 Page Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes FM 5-0, 20 January 2005, and FMI 5-0.1, 31 March 2006. i
Page 1: FM 5-0 THE OPERATIONS PROCESS MARCH
Page 5 and 6: Contents Figure B-2. Mission analys
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Environmental Frame Design 3-44. Th
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Identifying the Problem Design 3-56
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Design from significant changes to
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Chapter 4 Preparation This chapter
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Preparation PREPARATION DURING PLAN
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Preparation 4-25. Operational area
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Preparation • Support internal co
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Preparation INITIATE TROOP MOVEMENT
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Chapter 5 Execution This chapter pr
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Execution EXPLOIT SUCCESS 5-13. Ult
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Execution A decision support matrix
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Execution new plan. Commanders may
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Execution COMPARE THE CURRENT SITUA
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Execution • Describes the varianc
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Execution with a future operations
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Chapter 6 Assessment This chapter p
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Assessment 6-15. A measure of perfo
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Assessment 6-27. Often, time availa
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Assessment which one is cause and w
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Assessment assessing an upcoming op
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Appendix A Command Post Organizatio
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Command Post Organization and Opera
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Appendix B The Military Decisionmak
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The Military Decisionmaking Process
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Appendix C Troop Leading Procedures
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Troop Leading Procedures based on e
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Troop Leading Procedures C-18. The
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Troop Leading Procedures strengths
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Troop Leading Procedures Mission St
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Appendix D Guidelines for Commander
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Guidelines for Commander’s Planni
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Appendix E Army Operation Plan and
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Army Operation Plan and Order Forma
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Appendix F Task Organization This a
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Task Organization ARMY COMMAND RELA
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Task Organization 2/52 HBCT 1-77 IN
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Task Organization Movement and Mane
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Appendix G Running Estimates This a
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Running Estimates to account for th
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Appendix H Formal Assessment Plans
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Formal Assessment Plans H-14. Comma
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Formal Assessment Plans H-23. An in
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Formal Assessment Plans collect the
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Appendix I Rehearsals Rehearsing ke
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Rehearsals Figure I-1. Rehearsal te
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Rehearsals • Operations security
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Chief of Staff (Executive Officer)
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Rehearsals • Disciplines leader m
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Rehearsals The director explains an
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Step 2 - Friendly Forces Deployed R
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Appendix J Military Briefings This
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• Review key points for an operat
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Military Briefings Collect Informat
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Glossary The glossary lists acronym
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Glossary *backbrief A briefing by s
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Glossary field of fire (joint) The
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Glossary operational art (joint) Th
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Glossary variance A difference betw
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References Field manuals and select
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References COMMAND AND CONTROL Alla
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References Plato. Theaetetus, trans
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A abbreviations, in OPLAN and OPORD
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Index Entries are by paragraph numb
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FM 5-0 26 March 2010 By order of th
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FM 5-0, The Operations Process - Federation of American Scientists

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