Forest Condition in Europe - ICP Forests

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United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution CLRTAP International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) www.icp-forests.net Citation Lorenz, M., Becher, G. (eds.). 2013: Forest Condition in Europe, 2013 Technical Report of ICP Forests. Work Report of the Thünen Institute for World Forestry 2013/1. ICP Forests, Hamburg, 2013. Acknowledgements 30 countries supported the preparation of the present report by submission of data and by providing comments and corrections to the text. A complete list of the national and international institutions participating in or cooperating with ICP Forests is provided in the Annex. Ms U. Carstens carried out technical and administrative work. Cover photos: Román Clavijo Garcia (big photo), Anna Kowalska (small photo)
Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 5 SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2. THE MONITORING SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................10 2.1. BACKGROUND......................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 LARGE-SCALE FOREST MONITORING (LEVEL I) ........................................................................................................ 10 2.3 FOREST ECOSYSTEM MONITORING (LEVEL II) ......................................................................................................... 12 2.4. REFERENCES .......................................................................................... FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. 3. TREE CROWN CONDITION AND DAMAGE CAUSES .................................................................................15 3.1. LARGE SCALE TREE CROWN CONDITION ........................................................................................................ 15 3.1.1. Methods of the 2012 survey .......................................................................................................... 15 3.1.2. Results of the transnational crown condition survey in 2012 ........................................................ 20 3.1.3. Defoliation trends: time series ....................................................................................................... 31 3.2. DAMAGE CAUSE ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................................... 49 3.2.1. Background of the survey in 2012 ................................................................................................. 49 3.2.2. Assessment parameters ................................................................................................................. 51 3.2.3. Results in 2012 ............................................................................................................................... 52 3.3. METHODS OF THE NATIONAL SURVEYS ......................................................................................................... 60 3.4. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 60 4. SULPHATE AND NITROGEN DEPOSITION AND TREND ANALYSES ...........................................................62 4.1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 62 4.2. OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................ 62 4.3. METHODS .............................................................................................................................................. 63 4.4. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................ 64 4.4.1. Current deposition ......................................................................................................................... 64 4.4.2. Temporal trends ............................................................................................................................ 66 4.4.3. Comparison of trend analyses techniques .................................. Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert. 4.4.4. Estimation of minimal detectable trend ..................................... Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert. 4.5. DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................... 70 4.6. CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................................................................... 71 4.7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................ FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. 4.8. REFERENCES .......................................................................................... FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. 5. EXCEEDANCE OF CRITICAL LIMITS AND THEIR IMPACT ON TREE NUTRITION .. FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. 5.1. OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................... FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. 5.2. METHODS ............................................................................................. FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. 6. NATIONAL REPORTS ..............................................................................................................................71 6.1. ANDORRA .............................................................................................................................................. 71 6.2. BELARUS ................................................................................................................................................ 72 6.3. BELGIUM ............................................................................................................................................... 72 6.4. BULGARIA .............................................................................................................................................. 74 6.5. CROATIA ................................................................................................................................................ 74 6.6. CYPRUS ................................................................................................................................................. 75 6.7. CZECH REPUBLIC ..................................................................................................................................... 76
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