Forest Condition in Europe - ICP Forests

percent of trees
Forest Condition in Europe 2013 47
3.1.3.8. Evergreen oak
The group of evergreen oaks includes
Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Q. rotundifolia
and Q. suber. As the compositions
of countries on which both time
series are based do not substantially
differ the results presented in Table
3.1.3.8-1 are very similar.
In the early 1990s, at the beginning of
the study, the mean defoliation of evergreen
oaks was less than 15%, which
corresponds with a high percentage of
healthy trees. The share of damaged
trees (> 25%) shows three peaks: in
1995 (32.3%), in 2005 (27.9%) and in
2006 (27.3%) (Tab. 3.1.3.8-1).
The majority of plots with evergreen
oaks are located in Spain. Few of the
plots are in southern France and along
the western coast of Italy. The share of
evergreen oaks with deteriorating
trends between 2002 and 2012 is with
8.1% rather small. The share of plots
on which these oak species have been
recovering since 2002 is by 10% point
higher (Fig. 3.1.3.8-3).
Table 3.1.3.8-1: Shares of trees in different defoliation classes.
N Trees 0-10% >10-25% >25%
1993 3363 41.8 50.8 7.4
1994 3362 32.7 51.5 15.9
1995 3384 19.3 48.8 31.9
1996 3355 18.6 53.4 28.0
1997 3354 22.1 57.7 20.2
1998 3288 28.4 56.1 15.5
1999 4255 21.6 57.1 21.2
2000 4330 19.2 60.2 20.6
2001 4346 19.8 62.7 17.4
2002 4333 16.2 63.0 20.9
2003 4241 14.0 62.5 23.5
2004 4326 17.5 63.9 18.6
2005 4276 9.8 62.3 27.9
2006 4281 8.8 63.8 27.4
2007 4366 10.3 67.3 22.4
2008 4360 11.9 67.0 21.1
2009 4369 11.3 66.8 21.9
2010 4494 17.4 61.9 20.8
2011 4545 19.8 61.8 18.3
2012 4403 10.0 59.8 30.2
N Trees 0-10% >10-25% >25%
1998 3288 28.4 56.1 15.5
1999 4255 21.6 57.1 21.2
2000 4330 19.2 60.2 20.6
2001 4346 19.8 62.7 17.4
2002 4333 16.2 63.0 20.9
2003 4241 14.0 62.5 23.5
2004 4326 17.5 63.9 18.6
2005 4276 9.8 62.3 27.9
2006 4281 8.8 63.8 27.4
2007 4366 10.3 67.3 22.4
2008 4360 11.9 67.0 21.1
2009 4369 11.3 66.8 21.9
2010 4494 17.4 61.9 20.8
2011 4545 19.8 61.8 18.3
2012 4403 10.0 59.8 30.2
80
Figure 3.1.3.8-1: Mean defoliation in two periods
(1993-2012 and 1998-2012)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0-10% (92-11) >25% (92-11)
0-10% (97-11) >25% (97-11)
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
year
Figure 3.1.3.8-2: Shares of trees of defoliation 0-10%
and > 25% in two periods (1993-2012 and 1998-2012)