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xiv Contents 5.4.4. Scaling, 149 5.4.5. Summary of the Fletcher-Reeves Program, 149 5.5. Network Objective Functions, 150 5.5.1. Integral Error Functions, 150 5.5.2, Discrete Objective Functions, 151 5.5.3. Objective Function Gradient, 153 5.5.4. L-Section Optimization Example, 153 5.5.5. Summary of Network Objective Functions and Optimization, 155 5.6. Constraints, 157 5,6.1. Simple Constraints, 159 5.6.2. Barrier Functions for Inequality Constraints, 162 5.6.3. Penalty Functions for Equality Constraints, 164 5.6.4. Mixed Compound Function for All Constraints, 165 5.6.5. Summary of Constraints, 166 5.7. Some Final Comments on Optimization, 166 Problems, \67 6. Impedance Matching 6.1. Narrow-band L, T, and Pi Networks, 172 6.1.1. Lossless Network Interface Impedances, 173 6.1.2. Real Source and Real Load, 174 6.1.3. Series-Paranel Impedance Conversions, 176 6.1.4. Complex Sources and/or Complex Loads, 178 6.1.5. Graphic Methods, 180 6.1.6. Summary of L, T, and Pi Matching, 182 6.2. Lossless Uniform Transmission Lines, 1&2 6.2.1. Input Impedance and Reflection Coefficient, 183 6.2.2. Complex Sources and Complex Loads, 185 6.2.3. Real Sources and Complex Loads, 186 6.2.4. Real-to-Real Transmission Line Matches, 187 6.2.5. Summary of Transmission Line Matching, ]89 6.3. Fano's Broadband-Matching Limitations, 189 6.3.1. Fano's Gain-Bandwidth-Integral Limitations, 191 6.3.2. A Chebyshev Approximation of the Ideal Response, 194 6.3.3. Optimally Matching a Single-Reactance Load, 195 6.3.4. Summary of Fano's Broadband-Matching Limitations, 198 6.4. Network Elements for Three Source Conditions, 200 6.4.1. Resistive Source Optimally Matched to a Single-Reactance Load, 200 6.4.2. Complex Source and Complex Load, 201 6.4.3. Reactive Source and Complex Load, 203 6.4.4. Summary of Broadband Matching Under Three Source Conditions, 204 6.5. Bandpass Network Transformations, 205 6.5.1. Lowpass-to-Bandpass Transformations, 205 6.5.2. Frequency and Impedance Scaling, 208 6.5.3. Norton Transformations, 209 6.5.4. Summary of Bandpass Network Transformations, 211 170
~----- ---- Contents xv 6.6. Pseudobandpass Matching Networks, 212 6.6.1. A Pseudobandpass Frequency Transformation, 213 6.6.2. Evaluation of Gain-Bandwidth Integrals, 214 6.6.3. Network Synthesis Procedure, 216 6.6.4. Summary of Pseudobandpass Matching, 217 6.7. Carlin's Broadhand-Matching Method, 218 6.7.1. Piecewise Hilbert Transform, 219 6.7.2. Gain Objective Function With Derivatives, 222 6.7.3. Optimization of the Piecewise Resistance Function, 224 6.7.4. Rational Approximation and Synthesis, 224 6.7.5. Summary of Carlin's Broadband-Matching Method, 226 Problems, 227 7. Linear Amplifier Design Tools 7.1. Bilinear Transformations: 231 7.1.1. Determining Bilinear Coefficients, 232 7.1.2. Generalized Smith Chart, 235 7.1.3. Summary of Bilinear Transformations, 237 7.2. Impedance Mapping, 238 7.2.1. Three-Port to Two-Port Conversion, 238 7.2.2. The Bilinear Theorem, 240 7.2.3. Mapping, 241 7.2.4. Summary of Impedance Mapping, 246 7.3. Two-Port Impedance and Power Models, 246 7.3.1. Output Power Paraboloid, 247 7.3.2. Input Admittance Plane, 248 7.3.3. Ma;"imum Efficiency, 250 7.3.4. Conjugate Terminations, 252 7.3.5. Maximum Added Power, 254 7.3.6. Summary of Two-Port Impedance and Power Models, 256 7.4. Bilateral Scattering Stability and Gain, 257 7.4.1. Changing S-Parameter Port Normalization, 258 7.4.2. Stability, 259 7.4.3. Bilateral Gains and Terminations, 263 7.4.4. Summary of Scattering Stability and Gain, 267 7.5. Unilateral Scattering Gain, 267 7.5.1. Transducer Gain Simplification, 268 7.5.2. Unilateral Figure of Merit, 268 7.5.3. Unilateral Gain Circles, 269 7.5.4. Summary of Unilateral Scattering Gain, 271 Problems, 271 230 8. Direct-Conpled Filters 8.1. Prototype Network, 276 8.l.1. Prototype Resonators, 276 8.1.2. Ideal Inverters, 277 8.1.3. Prototype Network Selectivity, 279 273
Page 1 and 2: Wile,.· Interactenee ..A. .. 1 18
Page 3 and 4: Circuit Design U sing Personal Comp
Page 5 and 6: To my late parents, Tommy and Brown
Page 7 and 8: viii Preface computer. Excessive th
Page 9 and 10: Contents l. Introduction 1 2. Some
Page 11: Contetlts xiii 4.3.4. Transmission
Page 15 and 16: -------------------------- Contents
Page 17 and 18: -- ------- 2 Introduction viewpoint
Page 19 and 20: 4 Introduction Chapters Four and Fi
Page 21 and 22: 6 Introduction the selectivity effe
Page 23 and 24: 8 Some Fundamenurl Numerical Method
Page 25 and 26: 10 Some Fundamental Numerical Metho
Page 28 and 29: --------------------- Romberg Integ
Page 30 and 31: and it is convenient to rearrange (
Page 32 and 33: Romberg Integranon 17 Truncation Er
Page 34 and 35: ---~-- - - -- ----- - -------------
Page 36 and 37: Polynomial Minimox Approximation of
Page 38 and 39: Polynomial Minimax Approximation of
Page 40 and 41: Rational Polynomial LSE Approximati
Page 42 and 43: ---~~--_._--- ------ ID(w)£(w)1 2
Page 44 and 45: Rational Polynomial LSE Approximati
Page 46 and 47: Problems 31 2.6. If a,Z+a2 w = -a'-
Page 48 and 49: sense by the sum of first-kind Cheb
Page 50 and 51: Complex Zeros of Complex Polynomial
Page 52 and 53: Complex Zeros ofComplex Polynomials
Page 54 and 55: which are equal to the polynomial C
Page 56 and 57: Complex Zeros of Complex Polynomial
Page 58 and 59: Table 3.3. Complex Zeros of Complex
Page 60 and 61: Polynomials From Complex Zeros and
Page 62 and 63:
Polynomials From Complex Zeros and
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Polynomial Addition and Subtraction
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Continued Fraction Expansion 51 Not
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Case 1 (row ~t (al N" 3 -1 '" 25 +
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---- ------------------------- Cont
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----~------- Input ImpedafJce $ytrt
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Input Impedance Synthesis From Its
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------- - ------------- ---- Input
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Long Division and Partial Fraction
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Problems 6S magnitude. The program
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- Problems 67 3.12. Given the resis
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.Chapter Four Ladder Network Analys
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- -- - -------- Recun;"" ludder Met
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Recursive Ladder Method 73 This alw
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--------------- Example a: 3,325,20
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Recursive Ladder Method 77 This las
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- - - -------------- Embedded T>vo-
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- - - - - --- - - - ---- Unifonn Tr
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--- - .._----- Unifonn T/'Qnsmissio
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--------------- Uniform Transmissio
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------- --- -----------_. - ------
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Table 4.4. 6.d L1 6.dc, 6.d L2 6.d
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------- - _. - - Input and Transfer
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Input and Transfer Network Response
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Input and Transfer Network Response
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----------------------------- Time
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----- - - h(-rJ h(2.6.Tl o I II ---
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-------- Sensitivities 101 the corr
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formula: Sensitivities 103 dZ""A,Z
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Sensitivities 105 obeying at least
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and its derivative with respect to
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Problems 109 branch immittance; the
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Problems 111 Solve by using (4.40)
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Chapter Five Gradient Optimization
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Gradient Optimization 115 Figure 5.
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-- ------------------ Quadratic Fon
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Quadratic Fonns and Ellipsoids 119
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Quadratic Forms and EUipsoids 121 F
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Quadratic Fonm and Ellipsoids 123 x
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Quadratic Forms and Ellipsoids 115
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Conjugate Gradient Search 127 choic
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-_.. ---------- Conjugate Gradient
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Conjugate Gradient Search 131 x, Fi
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-- -~--- Conjugate Gradient Search
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Conjugate Gradient Search 135 Hxl =
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Linear Search 137 the variable metr
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Then, the minimum function value in
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- ------- Linear Search 141 subtrac
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The F/etcher- Reeves Optimizer 143
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The netcher- Reeves Optimizer 145 c
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Table 5.4. Typical Output for the R
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The Fletcher- Reeves Optimizer 149
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Network Objective Functions 151 and
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-------- - - Network Objecti"" Func
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Network Objective Functions 155 Tab
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-- ------------ Constraints 157 tra
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- - - - - -------------- Constraint
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Table 5.7. Objective Subroutine lor
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-70. Constrainis 163 315-325). For
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Constraints 165 In fact, one applic
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--------~ - - ---------------------
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(b) Problems 169 Find the diagonal
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Impedance Matching 171 I, z, ---+__
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Narrow·Band L, T, and Pi Networks
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- - - --------------- + '" R, . " N
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NalTO...Band L, T, and Pi Networks
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Narrow-Bond L, T, and Pi Networks ]
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Narrow-BaruJ L, T, aruJ Pi Networks
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Loss/ess Unifonn Transmission Lines
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------- - -------------------------
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----------- and (6.34) can be writt
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Fano's Broodband-Matching Limitatio
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Fano's Broadband-Matching Limitatio
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----------------- Fano's Broadband-
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Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Fono's Broadband·Matching Limitati
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Green's recursive element formula i
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f 9, Figure 6.24. 92
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Bandpass Network Transformations 20
Page 222 and 223:
Bandpass Network Trans/onnotions 20
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50 II 2.6548 16.594 Bandpass Networ
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BaruJpass Network TransJof1lUltions
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Pseudobandpass Matching Networks 21
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I InlPJ =In Pseudobandpass Matching
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Pseudobandpass Matching Networks 21
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----- -- Carlin's Broodband-Matchin
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---- -------------------- expressio
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Car/in's Broadband.Matching Method
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Carlin's Broadband-Matching Methad
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Prohle"" 227 Third, an objective fu
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Problems 229 6.16. Program Equation
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Bilinear Tronsfonnatl'ons 231 I, ~-
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Bi/inear Transjormations 233 (w" w"
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Bilinear Transfonnations 235 accomp
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Bilinear Transfonnations 237 circle
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Impedance Mapping 239 1 3 al~ ~a3 [
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Impedance Mapping 241 r-- Z, s" I,
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---------- Impedan£e Mapping 243 T
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Impedance Mapping 245 in Figure 7.7
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Two-Port Impedance and Power Models
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---------------- This may be put in
Page 266 and 267:
----~-------~--- - - --------------
Page 268 and 269:
-------- -- - -------------- and th
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Two-Port Impedance and Power Models
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Billlteral Scattering Stability and
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Bilateral Scattering Stability and
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
--- -------- Bilateral Scattering S
Page 282 and 283:
Unilateral Scattering Gain 267 the
Page 284 and 285:
Unilateral Scattering Gain 269 The
Page 286 and 287:
Prohle"" 271 _merit is u=0.08; by (
Page 288 and 289:
Chapter Eight Direct-Coupled Filter
Page 290 and 291:
- -- ~-------~- -------------- Dire
Page 292 and 293:
Prototype Network 277 and Wo is the
Page 294 and 295:
Prototype Network 279 element value
Page 296 and 297:
Prototype Network 281 8./.4. Protot
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Designing with Lande Inverters 283
Page 300 and 301:
Designing with L and C Inverters 28
Page 302 and 303:
Designilrg with Lande Inverters Sup
Page 304 and 305:
Designing with L and C Inverters 28
Page 306 and 307:
General Inverters, Resonators, and
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Genera/Inverters, Resonators, and E
Page 312 and 313:
conductance of the Kth resonator is
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Table 8.2. General Inverters, Reson
Page 318 and 319:
General Inveners, Resonators, and E
Page 320 and 321:
Four Importunt Pussband Shapes 305
Page 322 and 323:
Four Important Passband Shapes 307
Page 324 and 325:
FOIl' Important Possband Shopes 309
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Fou, Important Passband Shapes 317
Page 334 and 335:
Four lmporlunt Pussband Shupes 319
Page 336 and 337:
Comments on a Design Procedure 321
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
-----~------------ A Complete Desig
Page 344 and 345:
A Complete Design Example 329 DB3 =
Page 346 and 347:
A Complete Design Example 331 R,,(l
Page 348 and 349:
------- Problems 333 For Z=O+jX, fi
Page 350 and 351:
------------- Chapter Nine Other Di
Page 352 and 353:
, I II r L;.. I I . C, ~ ~ Wo ell :
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• e/2 e/2 Figure 9.3. A typical e
Page 356 and 357:
Another trigonometric identity can
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o---iS~-----, I '--------;::==-----
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Introduction to Cauer Elliptic Filt
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Introduction to Cauer Elliptic Filt
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40 20 140 12 11 130 10 120 110 9 10
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00 Introduction to Cauer Elliptic F
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Doubly Termi/lllted Elliptic Filter
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Doubly TermillQted Elliptic Filters
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Doubly Terminated Elliptic Filters
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Doubly Terminated Elliptic FilteN 3
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Doubly TerrnilUlted Elliptic Filten
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Some Lumped.Element Transformations
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-lin '" 1 +jOn : c, 3L, L, I ) r So
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1 1CT (T Some Lumped.Element Tronsj
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Load Effects on Passive Networks 36
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Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
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Invulnerable Filters 377 9.6. Invul
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Invulnerable Filters 379 20 t lmin
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Invulnerable Filters 381 40 t L mil
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Problems. 383' corresponding number
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Problems 385 9.11. A passive networ
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Program AS-I. Swain's Snrface See E
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------- -------- - _. _. - Program
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----- _. - ------------- - Program
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- - - _._------------------ &61 TAN
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Program A6-4. Norton Transformation
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861 862 863 86' 865 866 B6? 868 869
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Program A7·2. Three-Port to Two·P
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15B .LBU Cue & 5to 3x3 Elements J5J
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e61 STOB 32 degrees 115 RCL9 a3 deg
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Program A7-4. Maximally Efficient G
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169 CHS Register Assignments: 17e e
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84e 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848
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Program A8-2. Doubly Termiuated Min
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----- - - - _. - _.--------- - -- _
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-------_._--- ------- Program A9-1.
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Appendix B PET BASIC Programs Progr
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Program B2-2A. Gauss-Jordan Solutio
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- - -------------------------------
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Program B2-4B. Polynomial Minimax A
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Program B2-5. Levy's Matrix Coeffic
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----------- _. - - - Flowchart for
Page 444 and 445:
Program B3-2. Polynomials From Comp
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--------- - - Program 83-4. Polynom
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Program 83-7. Partial Fraction Expa
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Flowchart for Ladder Analysis Progr
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Program B5-1. The Fletcher-Reeves O
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Program B5-2. L-Seetion Optimizatio
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Flowchart for Matching Program B6-1
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Program B6-3. Levy Matching to Resi
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---------- -- Program 86-5. Hilbert
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--~-- - ---------- Program B9-1. El
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---------- - -_.-------------------
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3260 TO~(TO+W)/(l-TO'N) 3270 B(l,=B
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Appendix D Linear Search Flowchart*
Page 470 and 471:
Appendix E Defined Complex Constan
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Appendix F _ Doubly Terminated Mini
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Appendix G _ Direct-Coupled Filter
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461 (G.22) (G.23) (G.24) A,= (G.25)
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G.4.2. Resonator Asymptote Slopes D
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Appendix G 465 except for overcoupl
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----------_._-_.- ---- - - -_.. - A
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Appendix H _ Zverev's Tables ofEqui
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------ 6(0) 6(b) L _ (L,C,- L,C,)'
Page 488 and 489:
L, L, c. " 12(a) C\=W C 2 =X L\=Y L
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Appendix H 475 Simplified Notations
Page 492 and 493:
References 477 Box, M. J., D. Davie
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--------- Johnson, L. W" References
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References 481 Van Valkenburg, M. E
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_ 484 Author Index Noble, B.. 120.
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486 Subject Index second kind, 32.
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488 Subject Index proper, 62 quadra
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490 Subject Index equivalent: bandp
Page 506 and 507:
1 1 _ 492 Subject Index I I Reflect
Page 508 and 509:
494 Subject Index length. electrica
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