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Four Important Passband Shapes 315 that the Zo values of the inverters do not affect selectivity, so that all of these and the terminating resistance(s) may be set equal to unity without loss of generality. The superfluous inverter next to the load will introduce a 90-degree phase shift, but will have no other effect. Each typical subsection has a chain matrix defined by 10][0 '1] [0 '1] [ Y 1 j I J o = j I Jy . (8.92 ) The typical resonator is shown in Figure 8.18, where GKKis approximately unity for low dissipation. To a good approximation under these assumptions, Y=QL( ~u +jF). (8.93) Thus the argument of the Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind is y=A+ D=jY. Note that Y is complex, and so is jY. Thus (8.90) yields the overall ABCD matrix of a somewhat dissipative, direct-coupled filter ending in one superfluous inverter: where the polynomial argument is TN=[ -PN-l(y) jPN(y) ] jPN(y) jYPN(y) - P N -ley) , (8.94) y=jY (8.95) for Y in (8.93). The result in (8.94) may be used to obtain the frequency response of both doubly and singly terminated minimum-loss filters. According to Beatty and Kerns (1964) or (3.68), the transducer-gain scattering parameter normalized to I ohm may be expressed in terms of ABCD parameters: 2 SZI= A+B+C+D' Therefore, the transducer gain for a doubly terminated network is (8.96) where L= IOlog lo - [M N [' - dB, (8.97) 4 (8.98) using (8.94). This may be evaluated recursively using (8.91); however, the M N values in (8.98) may be expanded as polynomials in complex Y, as tabulated in Table 8.9. Figure 8.27 shows the N = 4 response in the passband and stopband, respectively. Note the QL/Qu parameter. Two design graphs for fourresonator, doubly terminated, minimum-loss filters are provided in Appendix F. Note that it is convenient to use QLF as the independent variable.
316 Direct-Coupled Filters Table 8.9. Doubly Terminated Minimum-Loss Filter Polynomials in Resonator Admittance Y IM,I=12+YI IM,I=12+2Y+ Y'I IM 3 1= 12+3Y+2Y'+ y 3 1 IM 4 1= 12+4Y+4Y'+2Y 3 + y 4 1 IM,I= 12+SY +6Y'+Sy 3 +2y 4 + Y'I IM61-12+6Y+9Y'+ 8y 3 +6y 4 +2Y'+ y61 The stopband selectivity displayed in Figure 8.27 conforms to (8.18); for this case it becomes: L, = - 6+N20 log QL +N2010g1F,1 dB, L, >20 dB. (8.99) A useful second form of (8.99) expresses the required loaded Q given the attenuation specification: QL=(F,)-'IO(L.+6)/,oN, L,>20dB. (8.100) A practical, well-known expression for the midband loss is available from 3.236- 1 1.618- 1 1.0 1.618 3.236 fIfo Figure 8.27. Doubly tenninated, minimum-loss breakpoint plot: N =4, L p = 1, Fp =0.1.
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Wile,.· Interactenee ..A. .. 1 18
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Circuit Design U sing Personal Comp
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To my late parents, Tommy and Brown
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viii Preface computer. Excessive th
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Contents l. Introduction 1 2. Some
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Contetlts xiii 4.3.4. Transmission
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~----- ---- Contents xv 6.6. Pseudo
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-------------------------- Contents
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-- ------- 2 Introduction viewpoint
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4 Introduction Chapters Four and Fi
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6 Introduction the selectivity effe
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8 Some Fundamenurl Numerical Method
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10 Some Fundamental Numerical Metho
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--------------------- Romberg Integ
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and it is convenient to rearrange (
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Romberg Integranon 17 Truncation Er
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---~-- - - -- ----- - -------------
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Polynomial Minimox Approximation of
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Polynomial Minimax Approximation of
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Rational Polynomial LSE Approximati
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---~~--_._--- ------ ID(w)£(w)1 2
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Rational Polynomial LSE Approximati
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Problems 31 2.6. If a,Z+a2 w = -a'-
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sense by the sum of first-kind Cheb
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Complex Zeros of Complex Polynomial
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Complex Zeros ofComplex Polynomials
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which are equal to the polynomial C
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Complex Zeros of Complex Polynomial
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Table 3.3. Complex Zeros of Complex
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Polynomials From Complex Zeros and
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Polynomials From Complex Zeros and
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Polynomial Addition and Subtraction
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Continued Fraction Expansion 51 Not
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Case 1 (row ~t (al N" 3 -1 '" 25 +
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---- ------------------------- Cont
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----~------- Input ImpedafJce $ytrt
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Input Impedance Synthesis From Its
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------- - ------------- ---- Input
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Long Division and Partial Fraction
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Problems 6S magnitude. The program
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- Problems 67 3.12. Given the resis
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.Chapter Four Ladder Network Analys
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- -- - -------- Recun;"" ludder Met
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Recursive Ladder Method 73 This alw
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--------------- Example a: 3,325,20
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Recursive Ladder Method 77 This las
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- - - -------------- Embedded T>vo-
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- - - - - --- - - - ---- Unifonn Tr
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--- - .._----- Unifonn T/'Qnsmissio
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--------------- Uniform Transmissio
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------- --- -----------_. - ------
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Table 4.4. 6.d L1 6.dc, 6.d L2 6.d
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------- - _. - - Input and Transfer
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Input and Transfer Network Response
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Input and Transfer Network Response
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----------------------------- Time
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----- - - h(-rJ h(2.6.Tl o I II ---
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-------- Sensitivities 101 the corr
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formula: Sensitivities 103 dZ""A,Z
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Sensitivities 105 obeying at least
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and its derivative with respect to
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Problems 109 branch immittance; the
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Problems 111 Solve by using (4.40)
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Chapter Five Gradient Optimization
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Gradient Optimization 115 Figure 5.
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-- ------------------ Quadratic Fon
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Quadratic Fonns and Ellipsoids 119
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Quadratic Forms and EUipsoids 121 F
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Quadratic Fonm and Ellipsoids 123 x
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Quadratic Forms and Ellipsoids 115
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Conjugate Gradient Search 127 choic
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-_.. ---------- Conjugate Gradient
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Conjugate Gradient Search 131 x, Fi
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-- -~--- Conjugate Gradient Search
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Conjugate Gradient Search 135 Hxl =
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Linear Search 137 the variable metr
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Then, the minimum function value in
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- ------- Linear Search 141 subtrac
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The F/etcher- Reeves Optimizer 143
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The netcher- Reeves Optimizer 145 c
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Table 5.4. Typical Output for the R
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The Fletcher- Reeves Optimizer 149
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Network Objective Functions 151 and
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-------- - - Network Objecti"" Func
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Network Objective Functions 155 Tab
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-- ------------ Constraints 157 tra
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- - - - - -------------- Constraint
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Table 5.7. Objective Subroutine lor
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-70. Constrainis 163 315-325). For
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Constraints 165 In fact, one applic
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--------~ - - ---------------------
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(b) Problems 169 Find the diagonal
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Impedance Matching 171 I, z, ---+__
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Narrow·Band L, T, and Pi Networks
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- - - --------------- + '" R, . " N
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NalTO...Band L, T, and Pi Networks
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Narrow-Bond L, T, and Pi Networks ]
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Narrow-BaruJ L, T, aruJ Pi Networks
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Loss/ess Unifonn Transmission Lines
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------- - -------------------------
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----------- and (6.34) can be writt
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Fano's Broodband-Matching Limitatio
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Fano's Broadband-Matching Limitatio
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----------------- Fano's Broadband-
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Fono's Broadband·Matching Limitati
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Green's recursive element formula i
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f 9, Figure 6.24. 92
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Bandpass Network Transformations 20
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Bandpass Network Trans/onnotions 20
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50 II 2.6548 16.594 Bandpass Networ
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BaruJpass Network TransJof1lUltions
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Pseudobandpass Matching Networks 21
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I InlPJ =In Pseudobandpass Matching
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Pseudobandpass Matching Networks 21
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----- -- Carlin's Broodband-Matchin
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---- -------------------- expressio
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Car/in's Broadband.Matching Method
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Carlin's Broadband-Matching Methad
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Prohle"" 227 Third, an objective fu
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Problems 229 6.16. Program Equation
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Bilinear Tronsfonnatl'ons 231 I, ~-
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Bi/inear Transjormations 233 (w" w"
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Bilinear Transfonnations 235 accomp
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Bilinear Transfonnations 237 circle
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Impedance Mapping 239 1 3 al~ ~a3 [
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Impedance Mapping 241 r-- Z, s" I,
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---------- Impedan£e Mapping 243 T
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Impedance Mapping 245 in Figure 7.7
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Two-Port Impedance and Power Models
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---------------- This may be put in
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----~-------~--- - - --------------
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-------- -- - -------------- and th
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Two-Port Impedance and Power Models
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Billlteral Scattering Stability and
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Bilateral Scattering Stability and
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Page 280 and 281: --- -------- Bilateral Scattering S
Page 282 and 283: Unilateral Scattering Gain 267 the
Page 284 and 285: Unilateral Scattering Gain 269 The
Page 286 and 287: Prohle"" 271 _merit is u=0.08; by (
Page 288 and 289: Chapter Eight Direct-Coupled Filter
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Page 292 and 293: Prototype Network 277 and Wo is the
Page 294 and 295: Prototype Network 279 element value
Page 296 and 297: Prototype Network 281 8./.4. Protot
Page 298 and 299: Designing with Lande Inverters 283
Page 300 and 301: Designing with L and C Inverters 28
Page 302 and 303: Designilrg with Lande Inverters Sup
Page 304 and 305: Designing with L and C Inverters 28
Page 306 and 307: General Inverters, Resonators, and
Page 310 and 311: Genera/Inverters, Resonators, and E
Page 312 and 313: conductance of the Kth resonator is
Page 316 and 317: Table 8.2. General Inverters, Reson
Page 318 and 319: General Inveners, Resonators, and E
Page 320 and 321: Four Importunt Pussband Shapes 305
Page 322 and 323: Four Important Passband Shapes 307
Page 324 and 325: FOIl' Important Possband Shopes 309
Page 332 and 333: Fou, Important Passband Shapes 317
Page 334 and 335: Four lmporlunt Pussband Shupes 319
Page 336 and 337: Comments on a Design Procedure 321
Page 342 and 343: -----~------------ A Complete Desig
Page 344 and 345: A Complete Design Example 329 DB3 =
Page 346 and 347: A Complete Design Example 331 R,,(l
Page 348 and 349: ------- Problems 333 For Z=O+jX, fi
Page 350 and 351: ------------- Chapter Nine Other Di
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Page 354 and 355: • e/2 e/2 Figure 9.3. A typical e
Page 356 and 357: Another trigonometric identity can
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Page 360 and 361: Introduction to Cauer Elliptic Filt
Page 362 and 363: Introduction to Cauer Elliptic Filt
Page 364 and 365: 40 20 140 12 11 130 10 120 110 9 10
Page 366 and 367: 00 Introduction to Cauer Elliptic F
Page 368 and 369: Doubly Termi/lllted Elliptic Filter
Page 370 and 371: Doubly TermillQted Elliptic Filters
Page 372 and 373: Doubly Terminated Elliptic Filters
Page 374 and 375: Doubly Terminated Elliptic FilteN 3
Page 376 and 377: Doubly TerrnilUlted Elliptic Filten
Page 378 and 379: Some Lumped.Element Transformations
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-lin '" 1 +jOn : c, 3L, L, I ) r So
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1 1CT (T Some Lumped.Element Tronsj
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Load Effects on Passive Networks 36
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Invulnerable Filters 377 9.6. Invul
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Invulnerable Filters 379 20 t lmin
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Invulnerable Filters 381 40 t L mil
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Problems. 383' corresponding number
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Problems 385 9.11. A passive networ
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Program AS-I. Swain's Snrface See E
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------- -------- - _. _. - Program
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----- _. - ------------- - Program
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- - - _._------------------ &61 TAN
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Program A6-4. Norton Transformation
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861 862 863 86' 865 866 B6? 868 869
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Program A7·2. Three-Port to Two·P
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15B .LBU Cue & 5to 3x3 Elements J5J
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e61 STOB 32 degrees 115 RCL9 a3 deg
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Program A7-4. Maximally Efficient G
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169 CHS Register Assignments: 17e e
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84e 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848
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Program A8-2. Doubly Termiuated Min
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----- - - - _. - _.--------- - -- _
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-------_._--- ------- Program A9-1.
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Appendix B PET BASIC Programs Progr
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Program B2-2A. Gauss-Jordan Solutio
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- - -------------------------------
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Program B2-4B. Polynomial Minimax A
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Program B2-5. Levy's Matrix Coeffic
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----------- _. - - - Flowchart for
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Program B3-2. Polynomials From Comp
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--------- - - Program 83-4. Polynom
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Program 83-7. Partial Fraction Expa
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Flowchart for Ladder Analysis Progr
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Program B5-1. The Fletcher-Reeves O
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Program B5-2. L-Seetion Optimizatio
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Flowchart for Matching Program B6-1
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Program B6-3. Levy Matching to Resi
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---------- -- Program 86-5. Hilbert
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--~-- - ---------- Program B9-1. El
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---------- - -_.-------------------
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3260 TO~(TO+W)/(l-TO'N) 3270 B(l,=B
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Appendix D Linear Search Flowchart*
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Appendix E Defined Complex Constan
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Appendix F _ Doubly Terminated Mini
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Appendix G _ Direct-Coupled Filter
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461 (G.22) (G.23) (G.24) A,= (G.25)
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G.4.2. Resonator Asymptote Slopes D
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Appendix G 465 except for overcoupl
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----------_._-_.- ---- - - -_.. - A
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Appendix H _ Zverev's Tables ofEqui
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------ 6(0) 6(b) L _ (L,C,- L,C,)'
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L, L, c. " 12(a) C\=W C 2 =X L\=Y L
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Appendix H 475 Simplified Notations
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References 477 Box, M. J., D. Davie
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--------- Johnson, L. W" References
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References 481 Van Valkenburg, M. E
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_ 484 Author Index Noble, B.. 120.
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486 Subject Index second kind, 32.
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488 Subject Index proper, 62 quadra
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490 Subject Index equivalent: bandp
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1 1 _ 492 Subject Index I I Reflect
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494 Subject Index length. electrica
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