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Academic freedom in Brazil
by Pedro Paulo A. Funari
Pedro Paulo A. Funari has a B.A. in history, a
Master's degree in Anthropology, and a PhD in
Archaeology. He is professor of historical
archaeology at the Campinas State University,
Brazil, and research associate of the Illinois
State University (US) and Barcelona (Spain).
Funari is author of several books published in
the UK, Spain and Brazil, has published more
than 50 papers in international journals and 150
in Brazilian scholarly journals, is a member of
the editorial boards of the International Journal
of Historical Archaeology (New York,
Plenum), Journal of Material Culture (London)
and Public Archaeology (London). He is also a
Senior South American representative at the
World Archaeological Congress Executive.
Pedro Paulo Funari
ABSTRACT
The paper deals with academic freedom
in Brazil. Brazil is characterized as a
hierarchical society and traditionally
intellectuals spring from the ruling e lites.
Dictatorship (1964±1985) strengthened
this characteristic but the end of military
rule did not radically change the picture.
Academic freedom is thus still limited by
patronage inside and outside academia.
Academic freedom is now limited by the
internalization of submission.
RESUMEN
El escrito trata de la libertad acade mica
en Brasil. Brasil se caracteriza por ser
una sociedad jera rquica y tradicionalmente
los intelectuales surgen de las
clases dirigentes. La dictadura (1964±
1985) reforzo esta situacio n pero el final
del gobierno militar no cambio el escenario
de forma radical. De este modo la
libertad acade mica es limitada por un
patrocinio dentro y fuera de la academia.
Ahora la libertad acade mica se ve
limitada por la internalizacio n de la
sumisio n.
RESUMO
O artigo trata da liberdade acadeà mica no
Brasil. O Brasil e caracterizado como
uma sociedade hierarquizada e, tradicionalmente,
os intelectuais prove m das
elites dominantes. A ditadura (1964±
1985) reforcË ou isso, mas o fim do
regime militar naÄ o alterou, de forma
radical, a situacËaÄ o. A liberdade acadeà -
mica e , assim, limitada pelo compadrio,
tanto dentro como fora da academia. A
liberdade acadeà mica, agora, encontra-se
limitada pela internalizacËaÄ o da submissaÄ
o.
ISSN 0256±6060±Unisa Lat. Am. Rep. 16(2) 2000 59