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legislative, judiciary and executive branches of government, as well as the use of plebiscites and referendums. However, the limited disbursement of aid so far, compared with the sizeable pledges made in Stockholm, pointed to some bottlenecks. The IDB's MartõÂnez urged donors to work with Honduras to strengthen its ability to manage projects to speed up implementation. Need for transparency The Bank is working with the Honduran government to promote transparency and good governance. A central concern for Hondurans as well as for donors, the issue may weigh heavily in the Central American country's prospects of attracting more capital to modernize its economy. Last year, Honduras ranked low in the annual survey on perception of corruption conducted by Transparency International, a Berlinbased nongovernmental organization. The IDB and several donor nations plan to support Honduras' efforts to make its state procurement and contracts system more efficient and transparent. As initially drafted, the program would have two phases: a temporary one to monitor projects during the post- Mitch reconstruction period and a permanent one to promote the modernization of the Honduran system of checks and balances. During the temporary plan, an international consulting firm would be hired to perfom random audits of reconstruction projects and check their technical, financial and administration performance. These inspections would be carried out in parallel to the existing controls that individual donors have for the projects they finance. The results of the audits would be released to the Honduran government, donors and the public. Given that some $2 billion could be spent on reconstruction efforts, such as auditing exercise could cost up to $30 million, the chief of the IDB's Procurement Policy and Coordination Office, Jorge Claro de la Maza, told delegates. The other phase ± to which the IDB could eventually commit some $14 million in soft loans ± is aimed at allowing Honduras to acquire as much know-how and technology as possible from the international auditors. Under that part of the program, local officials involved in procurement and contracts would receive training, and new purchasing procedures would be developed and enforced across the Honduran public sector. While the potential cost of the project gave some delegates `sticker shock,' Claro de la Maza explained that the estimate was based on a survey of auditing firm fees. He also conceded that such controls are expensive ± except when compared with the alternative of not doing them. 76 ISSN 0256±6060±Unisa Lat. Am. Rep. 16(2) 2000
Soccer meets economics * PeleÂ and Kissinger highlight seminar on sports and development by Peter Bate Soccer and development banking found some common ground at the Inter-American Development Bank's first-ever seminar on sports and development, held in Washington, D.C., in May. The event featured an impressive lineup, starting with Edson Arantes do Nascimento, or PeleÂ , as the world's greatest soccer player is universally known. Backing up the former captain of the Brazilian national team was one of the world's most famous soccer fans, former U.S. secretary of state Henry Kissinger. Other speakers included the presidents of the football confederations of South America. North America, and the Carribean; U.S. Major League Soccer Commissioner Don Garber; and top executives from international sports marketing firms that have helped turn soccer into a huge business in the industrialized world. Brazil's most famous sports ambassador meets enthusiastic soccer fans outside the IDB's Washington, D.C., headquarters ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ * First published in IDB America, May±June 2000 and reprinted with the permission of the Inter-American Development Bank. ISSN 0256±6060±Unisa Lat. Am. Rep. 16(2) 2000 77
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VOLUME 16 NO 2 2000 UNISA CENTRE FO
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UNISA CENTRE FOR LATIN AMERICAN STU
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Editorial The wide range of interes
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ABSTRACT In an attempt to identify
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final military liberation in 1819)
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enrichment. Solving the resource ca
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ample resources in many sectors, en
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Spanish rule in Nuevo Reino de Gran
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syndicates exploit to the maximum t
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then, seriously considered compromi
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and Colombia with a reason to bypas
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war has made state and nation build
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FIGURE 2 Development diamond Source
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