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A prolific painter of portraits before and after the French Revolution ...

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ch07.qxd 12/2/04 11:59 AM Page 343<br />

explaining:<br />

<strong>the</strong> writing process<br />

343<br />

As was to become typical in hair-coloring ads, <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> model was<br />

a good ten years younger than <strong>the</strong> typical product user. The model is in<br />

her early thirties (witness <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> child), too young to have gray<br />

hair.<br />

This inspirational motif was picked up later for o<strong>the</strong>r Clairol products:<br />

“If I’ve only one life . . . let me live it as a blonde!” “Every woman<br />

should be a redhead . . . at least once in her life!” “What would your husb<strong>and</strong><br />

say if suddenly you looked 10 years younger?” “Is it true blondes have<br />

more fun?” “What does he look at second?” And, <strong>of</strong> course, “The closer he<br />

gets, <strong>the</strong> better you look!”<br />

But <strong>the</strong>se slogans for different br<strong>and</strong> extensions only work because<br />

Miss Clairol had done her job. She made hair coloring possible, she made<br />

hair coloring acceptable, she made at-home hair coloring—dare I say it—<br />

empowering. She made <strong>the</strong> unique into <strong>the</strong> commonplace. By <strong>the</strong> 1980s,<br />

<strong>the</strong> hairdresser problem had been long forgotten <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> follow-up lines<br />

read, “Hair color no natural, <strong>the</strong>y’ll never know for sure.”<br />

Hook: “aspirational motif”<br />

Transition: “But”<br />

Hook: “<strong>the</strong>se slogans”<br />

B ODY PARAGRAPHS<br />

Body paragraphs in expository writing are <strong>the</strong> main paragraphs<br />

in an essay, excluding any introductory, concluding, or transition paragraphs.<br />

They <strong>of</strong>ten contain <strong>the</strong> following features:<br />

• Topic sentence: To promote clarity <strong>and</strong> precision, writers <strong>of</strong>ten use topic<br />

sentences to announce <strong>the</strong> main ideas <strong>of</strong> paragraphs. The main idea should<br />

be clearly related to <strong>the</strong> writer’s <strong>the</strong>sis. A topic sentence usually occurs early<br />

in <strong>the</strong> paragraph (first or second sentence) or at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paragraph.<br />

• Unity: To avoid confusing readers, writers focus on a single idea for each<br />

paragraph. Writing unified paragraphs helps writers—<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir readers—<br />

concentrate on one point at a time.<br />

• Coherence: To make <strong>the</strong>ir writing flow smoothly from one sentence to <strong>the</strong><br />

next, writers supplement <strong>the</strong>ir shaping strategies with coherence devices:<br />

repeated key words, pronouns referring to key nouns, <strong>and</strong> transition words.<br />

The following body paragraphs from James Twitchell’s “Miss Clairol’s ‘Does<br />

She . . . Or Doesn’t She?’ ” illustrates <strong>the</strong>se features. The second sentence in <strong>the</strong> first<br />

paragraph is <strong>the</strong> topic sentence for <strong>the</strong> first paragraph—<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> second paragraph as<br />

well.That topic sentence focuses our attention on <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> “automatic color tinting.”<br />

These two paragraphs have unity because <strong>the</strong>y keep <strong>the</strong> focus on <strong>the</strong> “automatic”<br />

process <strong>of</strong> hair tinting. The two paragraphs also achieve coherence through<br />

<strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> transitions <strong>and</strong> repeated key words <strong>and</strong> ideas.<br />

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