May 2011 - Illuminating Engineering Society

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FORCES OF CHANGE 100 times and funnel photons into smaller (less expensive) solar panels. A team of Swedish and American researchers has created an organic lightemitting electrochemical cell (LEC) with no metal having carbon-based electrodes made from graphene. This lighting system is created entirely from liquid solutions so it can be produced through an inexpensive printing process. Graphene is a one atom thick clear carbon material that is 100 times stronger than steel. A meter sq sheet would support a 9.2-pound cat and weigh less than one whisker on the cat. It is the basic structural element of carbon nanotubes. LECs are positioned as a replacement for OLEDs with the advantages of significantly lower cost and being fully recyclable. The electronic and optical performance of devices based on graphene is similar to those using indium-tin-oxide but marketable LEC fixtures are years away. APPLY HERE If you are getting the feeling that this is not your father’s lighting industry, read on as it only gets more evident. Gordon Moore was a co-founder of Intel. In 1965 he stated that the quantity of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit has doubled about every two years. This trend has continued for more than half a century and is still predicted throughout this decade. If you think electronics are pervasive now, imagine the impact of research reported in June 2010 on quantum optics that revealed that a single atom can be a transistor for light. This means more transistors than Moore imagined possible. A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch signals. The quantity of transistors relates directly to processing power and miniaturization. The ability to integrate electronics just took a quantum leap. In fact, quantum computers may result from this breakthrough. Many scientists are discussing the Singularity, a point in time when artificial intelligence (AI) surpasses human intelligence. This would require significantly increased processing speed with most projections The OLED appears doomed as a general light source, due to the high cost, limited availability and lack of alternatives to indium ranging from 2019 to 2040. AI may control all of our appliances including the lighting in a space adjusting not just to user patterns as we can do now. AI could automatically react to demand response, offer dynamic intensity and color tuning for photobiological benefits, provide seamless daylight integration, select individual user preferences and much more. The ability of AI to not only be a supercharged database (like the Watson computer recently on Jeopardy) but to reason and repair or replicate itself has consequences well beyond our industry. Integrating AI into our products makes our LED learning curve seem small by comparison. Quantum computers are necessary for teleportation for objects (beyond the information that can be teleported now), which also involves light. Entangled photons are dependant on the state of each other and when one is sent a distance away and measured it causes the other to change allowing the teleportation of quantum information (but only atoms of matter so far). This potential for quantum-state generation and manipulation may allow time-dependant transfers between light and matter. Who will lead lighting into this incredible future? Where are our Thomas Edisons? The skill set that got us here is not what it will take to move us forward. It is not just the products that are changing, it is the information required to understand, produce and apply the new sources and fixtures resulting from the radically different direction we are speeding toward. Many fear change and will fall behind. The IES mission to improve the quality of the lighted environment will become increasingly difficult as we move from mature, predictable sources into the new frontier. Leaders will need to understand how to integrate these technologies without compromising lighting quality. They will need to take risks, as new sources prove worthy. It is an exciting time, rich with opportunity for lighting inventors, designers, researchers, CEOs and anyone who can help navigate. Last December this magazine featured an encouraging “Faces of the Future” issue profiling 25 “of the future thought leaders of the industry.” They look confident and determined but they will need support, encouragement and mentoring to face the daunting challenge of quickly transforming our industry. I even noticed a few “bring it on” expressions that reminded me of a young Thomas Edison. Mark Lien, LC, LEED AP, is director of the Lighting Solutions Center for Hubbell Lighting and a member of the IES Board of Directors. 44 May 2011 | LD+A www.ies.org
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May 2011 - Illuminating Engineering Society

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