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Professional IC Systems Metrohm Inline Ultrafiltration and Dialysis Metrohm Inline Ultrafiltration Modern ion chromatography recommends all samples to be filtered prior to injection. Separation columns with particle sizes below 10 µm require absolutely particle-free sample solutions. Unfiltered solutions can increase pressure on the column which in some cases can radically reduce the life span of the column. Manual filtration is usually carried out by means of disposable filter cartridges with a pore size of 0.45 µm or less. These become clogged very quickly, particularly with samples containing very fine particles. Sample changers with filter caps are used as an alternative. Their pore size is often larger than that of disposable filters. However, they are expensive and there is still a risk of clogging. With Metrohm Inline Ultrafiltration, which belongs to the membrane separation techniques, these problems no longer apply. The samples are placed directly on the sample rack. When the samples are processed the sample flow is channelled into the lower chamber of the ultrafiltration cell and passes along the membrane and into the waste container. In the upper chamber of the cell a peristaltic pump creates a vacuum and draws the sample solution through the ultrafiltration membrane. The filtered sample solution enters the injection loop and is then injected. Less than 20% of the original solution is removed as filtrate, the remainder flows directly into the waste container. This, together with the geometrical arrangement of the cell, virtually eliminates the formation of a filter cake which could block the membrane. Metrohm Inline Ultrafiltration is particularly suitable for samples with a light to medium load, for example drinking water, surface water, wastewater, digestion solutions, extracts. Metrohm Inline Dialysis Highly polluted samples require complex and laborious sample preparation steps before they can be analyzed. Metrohm Inline Dialysis provides a considerable rationalization of the whole process. Samples must meet just one condition: they must be liquid or be able to be brought into liquid form and they need to be largely homogeneous. Larger particles can be removed by centrifuging, if necessary. The sample solution is then dialyzed in the dialysis cell according to the method patented by Metrohm (European Patent 0 820 804, US Patent 5,861,097). Due to this special «Inline Stopped- Flow Dialysis» method a virtually complete dialysis is obtained. This means that the acceptor solution has the same ionic concentration as the original sample (equilibrium dialysis). The acceptor solution is then injected directly into the ion chromatograph where it is analyzed. Whereas in ultrafiltration the sample solution is filtered through the membrane as a result of a difference in pressure, the driving force in dialysis is the difference in concentration between the two sides. The ions to be determined diffuse through the membrane, but no sample solution is forced through the membrane. This means that no filter cake is formed that could block the membrane. By means of this technique it is possible to determine anions and cations even in cutting oil emulsions, biodiesel, dairy products or body fluids such as blood and urine. If the system is programmed so that the next sample is dialyzed during the current run, the total analysis takes about the same time as direct injection. Acceptor solution Sample Particle Membrane Ion Membrane Ion Particle Sample «Stopped flow» method An equilibrium is achieved between the acceptor solution and the sample solution Ultrafiltration 14 — IC
Professional IC Systems «ProfIC 3 – Cation» – Professional IC system with inline dialysis Professional IC system for the fully automatic determination of cations or anions (non-suppressed) with Metrohm inline dialysis. «ProfIC 3» safely masters demanding analytical tasks in ion chromatography. It is nevertheless simple to use and extremely reliable. «ProfIC 3» festures intelligent system components such as the iPump and the iDetector and provides space for a total of three iColumns. The Professional IC system «ProfIC 3» is equipped with «Inline Stopped Flow Dialysis», which has been patented by Metrohm (European Patent 0 820 804, US- Patent 5,861,097). This fully automatic sample preparation technique effectively removes particles and colloids from the samples to be analyzed. Emulsions, samples containing fats and proteins, body fluids and strongly polluted wastewater can be reliably determined without damaging the analytical column. The driving force behind dialysis is diffusion. This means that only the ions and not the particles can pass through the dialysis membrane. This extends the lifetime of the membrane and, for example, prevents oil droplets from reaching the analytical column through the membrane, as would be the case if filtration was to be used. Ordering information ProfIC 3 - Cation «ProfIC 3 – Cation» – Professional IC system with inline dialysis Technical information Components 1 x 2.850.1030 850 Professional IC 1 x 2.858.0020 858 Professional Sample Processor 1 x 6.5330.000 IC Equipment for dialysis IC column, sample rack, sample vials as well as MagIC Net have to be ordered separately according to the particular application. Numerous sample racks for volumes 0.5...500 mL are available for the 858 Professional Sample Processor. Dialysis requires at least 10 mL of the sample. The dialysis cell is mounted directly in the 850 Professional IC. The interplay between the two bidirectional peristaltic pumps at the 858 Professional Sample Processor – Pump and 850 Professional IC – Prep 1 allows the dialysis to be controlled by MagIC Net. 15 — IC
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Automation for titrations
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Online IC 811 Online IC instruments
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Online IC 821 Online IC instruments
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IC Software MagIC Net versions MagI
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