Hawai'i Fisheries Initiative - The Hawaii Institute for Public Affairs

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278 Consolidated Appropriations Act, Publ L. No. 106-554, App. D, § 208, 114 Stat. 2763A-176 (2000). 279 Cai, PingSun Leung, Minling Pan, Sam Pooley, “Economic Linkage Impacts of Hawai‘i’s Longline Fishing Regulations,” (2004). 280 50 CFR 665.33; there is an annual limit of interactions with leatherback turtles (16) and loggerhead turtles (17) for the Hawai‘i shallow-set longline fleet. Once the limit has been reached, the shallow-set longliners are prohibited from fishing north of the equator for the remainder of the year. See http://www.fpir.noaa.gov/SFD/SFD_turtleint.html. 281 Minling Pan and Timothy Ming, NMFS/PIRO, economic study on the 2006 closure of the longline fishery is ongoing; Feb. 21, 2007, email communication between M. Pan and author. 282 Junning Cai, PingSun Leung, Minling Pan, Sam Pooley, “Economic Linkage Impacts of Hawai‘i’s Longline Fishing Regulations,” Fisheries Research 74 (2005) 232-242. 283 John Kaneko, Paul Bartram, “Evaluating Environmental Baggage: Market-Transferred Effects When Fresh Pelagic Fish Imports Replace Hawai‘i Longline Production,” at http://www.soest.hawaii. edu/PFRP/dec02mtg/kaneko_bartram.pdf. 284 Eric Gilman, et al. “Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries: Industry Practices and Attitudes, and Shark Avoidance Strategies,” (2007). 285 Kitty Simonds, Wespac executive director, “Managing Marine Fisheries of Hawai‘i and the U.S. Pacific Islands – Past, Present, and Future,” p. 8; see U.S. Shark Finning Prohibition Act, §§ 7(3) and 7(8) for fishing gear and practices that reduce incidental catch and bycatch mortality of sharks. 286 Eric Gilman, et al. “Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries: Industry Practices and Attitudes, and Shark Avoidance Strategies,” (2007). 287 P. Bartram, J. Kaneko, G. Krasnick, PacMar, Inc., “Responsible Fisheries Assessment of Hawai‘i’s Pelagic Longline Fisheries,” Hawai‘i Seafood Project, NOAA Award No. NA05NMF451112 (2006). 288 NOAA, Large Marine Ecosystems, at http://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/breakthroughs/ecosystems/ sup_lmes_map.html#. 289 Fen Montaigne, “Still Waters: The Global Fish Crisis,” National Geographic, April 2007, p. 48. 290 PIFSC, The Hawai‘i-based longline logbook summary report, October-December 2006, also available at ww.pifsc.noaa.gov/fmsd/reports.php. 291 NMFS Pacific Islands Regional Office, Pacific Islands Region Bycatch Reduction Implementation Plan FY04-FY05, p. 8. 292 Richard G. Hildreth, M. Casey Jarman, Maggie Langlas, Roles for a Precautionary Approach in U.S. Marine Resources Management, Nat. Res. & Env., Summer 2004. 293 Id., citing Greenpeace Foundation v. Mineta, 122 F. Supp. 2d 1123 (D.Haw. 2000), Leatherback Sea Turtle v. NMFS, No. 99-00152 DAE (D. Haw. Oct. 18, 1999), and Palila v. Hawai‘i DLNR, 73 F. Supp. 2d 1181 (D. Haw. 1999). 294 Wespac “The Value of the Fisheries in the Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council’s Area” (1999), at www.wpcouncil.org, citing Lawson, T. [ed.] 1995. SPC Tuna Fishery Yearbook, 1994. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia, p. 77. 295 Wespac, “133rd Council Recommends Reduction of Tuna Harvests,” Pacific Island Fishery News, Fall 2006. 296 Wespac, “Pacific Scientist Review Pelagic Stock Assessments,” Pacific Island Fishery News, Fall 2006, p. 9. 297 Wespac Science and Statistical Committee, “International and Pelagic Fisheries Standing Committee Report,” SSC recommendations, March 2007. 298 William Hogarth, “Bill’s Corner,” December 2006, at http://www.fishpolitics.com/forum/archive/index. php/t-1380.html. 299 Wespac, “Hawai‘i Pelagic Seafood Market,” at http://www.wpcouncil.org/documents/pel_mrkt. pdf. See also Wespac “The Value of the Fisheries in the Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council’s Area” (1999), at www.wpcouncil.org. 300 NOAA/NMFS, 2005 Status of Fisheries. For Hawaiian fish names, see http://www.st.nmfs.gov/ st1/recreational/documents/local%20fish%20names/ local%20names%20hawaii.txt. 301 Wespac “Bottomfish Profile,” at www.wpcouncil. org/bottomfish. 302 Wespac, “Bottomfish Profile,” (2003), www. wpcouncil.org/bottomfish. 303 Hawai‘i DAR, “Bottomfish Management Measures,” citing Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council. “Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region: 2000 Annual Report and 2001 draft annual report (R. Moffitt and S. Pooley, NMFS, pers. comm. 2002). 304 Letter from Wespac Chair Sean Martin to Dr. Bill Hogarth, Assistant Administrator of Fisheries, NOAA/NMFS. February 28, 2007. 305 Hawai‘i/DAR Bottomfish Management Measures. http://www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/bottomfish/index.htm. 306 Wespac, “Options to End Overfishing in the Hawai‘i Bottomfish Fishery,” p.3, (draft), February 19, 2007. 307 Letter from Wespac Chair Sean Martin to Dr. Bill Hogarth, Assistant Administrator of Fisheries, NOAA/NMFS. February 28, 2007. Wespac’s contingency plan was to prohibit bottomfishing at Penguin and Middle banks. 308 See DLNR, “Overview of bottomfish regulatory requirements,” at www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/ bottomfish/index.htm. 309 Currently, 3,600 Hawai‘i vessels are registered for bottomfishing, according to a letter from Wespac Chair Sean Martin to Dr. Bill Hogarth, Assistant Administrator of Fisheries, NOAA/NMFS. February 28, 2007. 310 H.A.R. 13-94-1 to 13-94-10. 311 Letter from Wespac Chair Sean Martin to Dr. Bill Hogarth, Assistant Administrator of Fisheries, NOAA/NMFS. February 28, 2007. 312 Hawai‘i/DAR Bottomfish Management Measures, at http://www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/bottomfish/ index.htm. 313 NOAA/NMFS Pacific Islands Division letter to Eric Kingma, Wespac, March 1, 2007, regarding enforcement issues with the various options to end overfishing in the MHI. 314 Letter from M.S. Young, Acting Chief, U.S. Coast Guard Enforcement Branch, Honolulu, to Sean Martin, chair Wespac, March 5, 2007, regarding options for ending bottomfish overfishing in the MHI. 315 Letter from Wespac Chair Sean Martin to Dr. Bill Hogarth, Assistant Administrator of Fisheries, NOAA/NMFS. February 28, 2007. 316 Letter from Wespac Chair Sean Martin to Dr. Bill Hogarth, Assistant Administrator of Fisheries, NOAA/NMFS. February 28, 2007, citing 70 FR 34452 (June 14, 2005). 317 DAR report to Wespac March 2007 meeting; agenda item No. 4C. 117
318 Councilmember comments at the March 2007 Wespac meeting regarding agenda item: Evaluating the impacts of bottomfish restricted fishing areas in the Main Hawaiian Islands. 319 Wespac, “Options to End Overfishing in the Hawai‘i Bottomfish Fishery,” (Draft), February 19, 2007; and Letter from Wespac Chair Sean Martin to Dr. Bill Hogarth, Assistant Administrator of Fisheries, NOAA/NMFS. February 28, 2007. 320 Councilmember comments at the March 2007 Wespac meeting regarding agenda item: Evaluating the impacts of bottomfish restricted fishing areas in the Main Hawaiian Islands. 321 Wespac, “Federal Managers to Consider Long-Term Measures for Bottomfish in the Main Hawaiian Islands and other U.S. Pacific Island Fishery Issues,” press release, June 18, 2007, at http://wpcouncil.org/press/2007.06.18_ PRESSRELEASE_138CMpre.pdf. 322 DAR report to Wespac March 2007 meeting; agenda item No. 4C. 323 Diana Leone, “A campaign to protect coral reefs,” Honolulu Star Bulletin, June 15, 2004, at http:// starbulletin.com/2004/06/15/news/story3.html. 324 Hawai‘i Coral Reef Initiative Program, at http:// www.coralreefnetwork.com/network/hcri.htm. 325 Howard Dicus, Pacific Business News, “Hawai‘i adds to aquaculture’s billion-dollar industry,” (October 3, 2006), at http://www. oceanicinstitute.org/nav.php?loc=News_and_ Events&contentID=187. 326 DAR, Reginald Kokubun, via email communication with author. March 23, 2007. 327 State of Hawai‘i, at http://www.hawaii.gov/ dbedt/info/economic/library/facts/hawaiicounty/ view?searchterm=commercial%20fishing. 328 Act 306, Session Laws of Hawai‘i, 1998. 329 West Hawai‘i Aquarium Project, Impacts of Aquarium Fish Collecting and the Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in Hawai‘i, at http://www. coralreefnetwork.com/kona/overview.htm. 330 A Report on the Findings and Recommendations of the West Hawai‘i Regional Fishery Management Area, at http://www.coralreefnetwork.com/kona/ FRA%205%20yr.%20Report%20to%20Legislature.pdf. 331 8338 Federal Register / Vol. 69, No. 36 / Tuesday, February 24, 2004; see http://www.wpcouncil. org/precious/Documents/FMP/Amendment5-FR- FinalRule.pdf. 332 DLNR/DAR, Hawai‘i Fisheries Plan 1985, p. 6. 333 Wespac FMP for precious corals, at http://www. wpcouncil.org/precious.htm; see also NMFS Pacific Islands Regional Office, Pacific Islands Region Bycatch Reduction Implementation Plan FY04-FY05, p. 15. 334 NMFS Statistics Division at http://www.st.nmfs.gov/ st1/index.html and DLNR/DAR Commercial Marine Landing Summary Report, at http://www.hawaii. gov/dlnr/dar/pubs/cmlstr2004.pdf. 335 DAR, at http://www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/pubs/ sawcs/mi_blackcorals.pdf. 336 http://wpcouncil.org/precious/Documents/ Carijoa%20Report.pdf. 337 NMFS Statistics Division at http://www.st.nmfs.gov/ st1/index.html . 338 Kevin Kelly, Andrea Messer, Main Hawaiian Island Lobsters: Commercial Catch and Dealer Data Analysis 1984-2004 (2005), for Wespac and DAR, at http://wpcouncil.org/crustaceans/Documents/ MHI%20Lobster%20Project.pdf. 339 Kevin Kelly, Andrea Messer, Main Hawaiian Island Lobsters: Commercial Catch and Dealer Data Analysis 1984-2004 (2005), for Wespac and DAR, pp. 4-6, at http://wpcouncil.org/crustaceans/ Documents/MHI%20Lobster%20Project.pdf. 340 Wespac Crustaceans FMP information, at http:// www.wpcouncil.org/documents/WPRFMC- Document/4.3- CrustaceanFisheries.pdf. 341 NMFS Statistics Division, at http://www.st.nmfs. gov/st1/index.html . 342 Wespac Crustaceans FMP information, at http:// www.wpcouncil.org/documents/WPRFMC- Document/4.3- CrustaceanFisheries.pdf. 343 DLNR/DAR, Hawai‘i Fisheries Plan 1985, p. 100. 344 NMFS Statistics Division, at http://www.st.nmfs. gov/st1/index.html and DLNR/DAR Commercial Marine Landing Summary Report, at http://www. hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/pubs/cmlstr2004.pdf. 345 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 391. 346 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 370. 347 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 373. 348 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 375. 349 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 376. 350 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 80. 351 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 376. 352 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 381. 353 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 384-387. 354 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 513. 355 Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations, http:// www.un.org/Depts/los/reference_files/chronological_lists_of_ratifications.htm#The%20United%20 Nations%20Convention%20on%20the%20Law%20 of%20the%20Sea. 356 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 387. 357 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 391-394. 358 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 398. See also Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations, http:// www.un.org/Depts/los/fish_stocks_conference/ fish_stocks_conference.htm. 359 Joseph J. Kalo, Richard G. Hildreth, Alison Rieser, Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Law: Cases and Materials (third edition, 2006), page 406. 118
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Hawai‘i Fisheries Initiative A Co
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Examples of Hawai‘i Fish Aku Bige
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fishers, who defray costs by sellin
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A Snapshot of Hawai‘i’s Seafood
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Western Pacific Fisheries Managemen
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National and Statewide Economic Imp
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Economics of Hawai‘i’s Commerci
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Imports and Value Added NWHI Bottom
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Seafood Exports NOAA Fisheries repo
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Regional Trends, Wholesale Markets,
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due to the freshness of the fish wh
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Consumers of recreational and subsi
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One of the program’s goals is to
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With expected increases in populati
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Hawai‘i’s Aquaculture Potential
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The flat growth of the information
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Leasing Hawai‘i’s Waters: Legal
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Christopher Mann, a senior officer
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Recreational Fishing in Hawai‘i R
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Hawai‘i Marine Recreational Fishi
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Fishing Tournaments and Clubs Appro
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Fisheries Management and Enforcemen
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A comprehensive ecosystem-based fis
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State of Hawai‘i Fisheries Progra
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In its eighth year, 2,164 volunteer
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Stock Assessment and Catch Data Und
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2006 State Fishing Licenses and Per
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Violations of marine-related laws c
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or Olive Ridley sea turtles have be
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History and Status of Hawai‘i’s
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2006 Commercial Landings by Species
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wholesalers began offering Hawaiian
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that mortality levels will be susta
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