Hawai'i Fisheries Initiative - The Hawaii Institute for Public Affairs

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Aquaculture Photo courtesy Aquaculture Development Program 25
With expected increases in population – Aquaculture as well as the heightened consumer awareness of seafood’s nutritional benefits – the U.S. is expected to need an additional supply of 2 million metric tons of seafood by 2025. 93 More than 80 percent of the seafood consumed by Americans is imported, with 40 percent of the imports from farmed seafood. 94 Aquaculture (farming of fresh and saltwater plants and animals; also called mariculture as it pertains to saltwater aquaculture) is the fastest growing form of food production in the world, and the U.S. government is eager to boost its market share. 95 In early 2007, the Bush administration’s National Offshore Aquaculture Act of 2007 was sent to Congress, and is currently making its way through the legislative hearings process. 96 The economic driver for the Act is an $8 billion U.S. seafood trade deficit, and increased offshore aquaculture – fish and shellfish farming – is targeted to reduce that deficit, while providing additional jobs and income for coastal communities, and increasing regional food supply and security. 97 The possibilities of far-offshore aquaculture are distinguished from an established $1 billion state-waters-based aquaculture industry, dominated primarily by freshwater species like catfish and trout, and marine shellfish such as oysters, clams, and mussels. 98 NOAA, which will take the lead on management of the proposed aquaculture industry in federal waters, suggests that offshore aquaculture is a means of addressing the widening gap between seafood demand and wild seafood supply. 99 The offshore area is being targeted because there are fewer competing uses farther from shore, as well as the environmental considerations addressed by moving production into deeper water and stronger ocean currents. 100 Open-ocean demonstration and commercial operations are located in the state waters of Hawai‘i, New Hampshire, and Puerto Rico. 101 The Act would establish legal processes for permits, enforcement, and monitoring. Highlights of the bill include: u Authorize the Secretary of Commerce to issue offshore aquaculture permits for federal waters. u Require the Secretary of Commerce to establish environmental requirements and to coordinate with federal agencies to develop and implement a streamlined permitting process for offshore aquaculture. u Permitting and management of offshore aquaculture activities would be a joint effort between federal agencies and the state government (permitting will be done by NOAA/NMFS, with consultation by the state, other federal agencies, and the public). u Exempt permitted offshore aquaculture operations from fishing regulations that restrict size, season, and harvest methods. u Establish a research and development program that would allow NOAA to fund scientific research and technology development to facilitate expansion of marine aquaculture. 102 26
Page 1 and 2: Hawai‘i Fisheries Initiative A Co
Page 3 and 4: Examples of Hawai‘i Fish Aku Bige
Page 5 and 6: fishers, who defray costs by sellin
Page 7 and 8: A Snapshot of Hawai‘i’s Seafood
Page 9 and 10: Western Pacific Fisheries Managemen
Page 11 and 12: National and Statewide Economic Imp
Page 13 and 14: Economics of Hawai‘i’s Commerci
Page 15 and 16: Imports and Value Added NWHI Bottom
Page 17 and 18: Seafood Exports NOAA Fisheries repo
Page 19 and 20: Regional Trends, Wholesale Markets,
Page 21 and 22: due to the freshness of the fish wh
Page 23 and 24: Consumers of recreational and subsi
Page 25: One of the program’s goals is to
Page 29 and 30: Hawai‘i’s Aquaculture Potential
Page 31 and 32: The flat growth of the information
Page 33 and 34: Leasing Hawai‘i’s Waters: Legal
Page 35 and 36: Christopher Mann, a senior officer
Page 37 and 38: Recreational Fishing in Hawai‘i R
Page 39 and 40: Hawai‘i Marine Recreational Fishi
Page 41 and 42: Fishing Tournaments and Clubs Appro
Page 43 and 44: Fisheries Management and Enforcemen
Page 45 and 46: A comprehensive ecosystem-based fis
Page 47 and 48: State of Hawai‘i Fisheries Progra
Page 49 and 50: In its eighth year, 2,164 volunteer
Page 51 and 52: Stock Assessment and Catch Data Und
Page 53 and 54: 2006 State Fishing Licenses and Per
Page 55 and 56: Violations of marine-related laws c
Page 57 and 58: or Olive Ridley sea turtles have be
Page 59 and 60: History and Status of Hawai‘i’s
Page 61 and 62: 2006 Commercial Landings by Species
Page 63 and 64: wholesalers began offering Hawaiian
Page 65 and 66: that mortality levels will be susta
Page 67 and 68: Troll and Handline Pelagic Fisherie
Page 69 and 70: (a baited bottom camera) and Electr
Page 71 and 72: History and Status of Lobster and S
Page 73 and 74: Governing the Oceans In general, st
Page 75 and 76: In 1958, the Geneva Conventions on
Page 77 and 78:
Authority within a Nation’s Exclu
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U.S. Ocean Policy, Regulatory Frame
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u The Oceans Act of 2000 382 establ
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development, analyzing climate chan
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u Sport Fish Restoration and Manage
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u Marine Debris Research, Preventio
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Governance refers to the entire pro
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Hawaiian Ocean Policy and Regulator
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DLNR/State Historic Preservation Di
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nongovernmental organizations, and
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can give formal testimony. If neces
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Native Hawaiian Fisheries Managemen
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And, adjacent to the Hualalai Resor
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Native Hawaiian Rights Asserted via
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Traditional and Customary Rights wi
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Wespac reports increased community
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About the Hawaii Institute for Publ
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21 U.S. Department of the Interior,
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79 Hawai‘i International Seafood,
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155 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conser
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235 Id. 236 d. 237 Id. 238 Id. 239
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318 Councilmember comments at the M
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394 16 U.S.C. 1852 § 302, at http:
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479 http://www.Hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/
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Waters: Native Hawaiians have an in
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