Hawai'i Fisheries Initiative - The Hawaii Institute for Public Affairs

More documents

Recommendations

Info

transit) by foreign ships through a nation’s territorial sea. Beyond the territorial sea were the high seas, virtually a free-for-all of international activity. 348 In 1945, on the heels of World War II and the resulting awareness that a nation’s oil and gas reserves were a significant source of wealth and power, President Truman issued a proclamation that claimed U.S. control and jurisdiction over the resources of the continental shelves off the U.S. coast (the target being the oil-rich seabeds). At the time, this was likely an illegal act, as the U.S. was asserting its authority well beyond the previously established customary 3 nm territorial seas limit. However, other nations quickly followed suit, and within 10 years, there was widespread general acceptance and approval – mainly through other nations claiming sovereign rights to their own continental shelves. 349 The Truman Proclamation, also known as the Continental Shelf Doctrine, thus became an accepted international custom that recognized coastal nations’ sovereign rights in the natural resources of the seabed and subsoil of the continental shelves. 350 Facing the Japanese return to offshore whaling grounds following World War II, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru became the first nations to extend their claims out to 200 nautical miles from shore, although this was not greeted with the same level of acceptance as the Truman Proclamation, generally because of the limiting effects on the fishing fleets and navies of powerful seafaring nations like the United States. 351 73
In 1958, the Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS I) authorized “contiguous zones,” extending a nation’s territorial seas from 3 to 12 nm from shore. The treaty, to which the United States remains a party, allows coastal nations to enforce their laws relating to immigration, customs, and sanitation within this zone. 352 At that time, a Fishing Convention, which ultimately failed due to a lack of support from distant-water fishing nations, attempted to resolve conflicts between maritime and non-maritime countries. During UNCLOS III, which began in 1973 and continued for 10 years, maritime states – especially the less-developed Third World countries – sought recognition of expanded national jurisdiction on the high seas, out to 200 nm from shore. Another hot topic at UNCLOS III was deep-seabed mining. 74
Page 1 and 2:
Hawai‘i Fisheries Initiative A Co
Page 3 and 4:
Examples of Hawai‘i Fish Aku Bige
Page 5 and 6:
fishers, who defray costs by sellin
Page 7 and 8:
A Snapshot of Hawai‘i’s Seafood
Page 9 and 10:
Western Pacific Fisheries Managemen
Page 11 and 12:
National and Statewide Economic Imp
Page 13 and 14:
Economics of Hawai‘i’s Commerci
Page 15 and 16:
Imports and Value Added NWHI Bottom
Page 17 and 18:
Seafood Exports NOAA Fisheries repo
Page 19 and 20:
Regional Trends, Wholesale Markets,
Page 21 and 22:
due to the freshness of the fish wh
Page 23 and 24: Consumers of recreational and subsi
Page 25 and 26: One of the program’s goals is to
Page 27 and 28: With expected increases in populati
Page 29 and 30: Hawai‘i’s Aquaculture Potential
Page 31 and 32: The flat growth of the information
Page 33 and 34: Leasing Hawai‘i’s Waters: Legal
Page 35 and 36: Christopher Mann, a senior officer
Page 37 and 38: Recreational Fishing in Hawai‘i R
Page 39 and 40: Hawai‘i Marine Recreational Fishi
Page 41 and 42: Fishing Tournaments and Clubs Appro
Page 43 and 44: Fisheries Management and Enforcemen
Page 45 and 46: A comprehensive ecosystem-based fis
Page 47 and 48: State of Hawai‘i Fisheries Progra
Page 49 and 50: In its eighth year, 2,164 volunteer
Page 51 and 52: Stock Assessment and Catch Data Und
Page 53 and 54: 2006 State Fishing Licenses and Per
Page 55 and 56: Violations of marine-related laws c
Page 57 and 58: or Olive Ridley sea turtles have be
Page 59 and 60: History and Status of Hawai‘i’s
Page 61 and 62: 2006 Commercial Landings by Species
Page 63 and 64: wholesalers began offering Hawaiian
Page 65 and 66: that mortality levels will be susta
Page 67 and 68: Troll and Handline Pelagic Fisherie
Page 69 and 70: (a baited bottom camera) and Electr
Page 71 and 72: History and Status of Lobster and S
Page 73: Governing the Oceans In general, st
Page 77 and 78: Authority within a Nation’s Exclu
Page 79 and 80: U.S. Ocean Policy, Regulatory Frame
Page 81 and 82: u The Oceans Act of 2000 382 establ
Page 83 and 84: development, analyzing climate chan
Page 85 and 86: u Sport Fish Restoration and Manage
Page 87 and 88: u Marine Debris Research, Preventio
Page 89 and 90: Governance refers to the entire pro
Page 91 and 92: Hawaiian Ocean Policy and Regulator
Page 93 and 94: DLNR/State Historic Preservation Di
Page 95 and 96: nongovernmental organizations, and
Page 97 and 98: can give formal testimony. If neces
Page 99 and 100: Native Hawaiian Fisheries Managemen
Page 101 and 102: And, adjacent to the Hualalai Resor
Page 103 and 104: Native Hawaiian Rights Asserted via
Page 105 and 106: Traditional and Customary Rights wi
Page 107 and 108: Wespac reports increased community
Page 109 and 110: About the Hawaii Institute for Publ
Page 111 and 112: 21 U.S. Department of the Interior,
Page 113 and 114: 79 Hawai‘i International Seafood,
Page 115 and 116: 155 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conser
Page 117 and 118: 235 Id. 236 d. 237 Id. 238 Id. 239
Page 119 and 120: 318 Councilmember comments at the M
Page 121 and 122: 394 16 U.S.C. 1852 § 302, at http:
Page 123 and 124: 479 http://www.Hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/
Page 125 and 126:
Waters: Native Hawaiians have an in
show all

Hawai'i Fisheries Initiative - The Hawaii Institute for Public Affairs

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?