Hawai'i Fisheries Initiative - The Hawaii Institute for Public Affairs

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geographical management area within both the NOAA Fisheries Service and the fishery management council system. The total area of U.S. EEZ waters included in the region is more than 1.5 million square nautical miles, roughly equal to all the remaining U.S. EEZ waters surrounding the continental U.S., including those off Alaska. 425 PIRO’s significant Hawai‘i-based activities include those of its Protected Resources Division, which is focused on marine mammals and sea turtle injury and mortality due to fishing efforts, and other ocean impacts. 426 U.S. Coast Guard 427 – USCG enforces fisheries laws at sea. Each fishery management council has one non-voting USCG member. Councils develop fishery management plans (FMPs), and the USCG is charged with enforcing the FMPs at sea, while NMFS enforces FMPs ashore. The Coast Guard also enforces laws to protect marine mammals and endangered species. In addition, the USCG works with the U.S. Department of State to develop and enforce international fisheries agreements. 428 Western Pacific Fishery Management Council – Wespac’s missions encompasses protection of marine resources and prevention of overfishing while achieving economic opportunities for domestic fishing at sustainable levels of effort and yield. 429 To accomplish this, Wespac monitors fisheries within its region and prepares and modifies fishery management plans (FMPs), or the operational management of fisheries, which are submitted via NOAA/NMFS to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce for review and approval. 430 FMPs and the transition toward Fishery Ecosystem Plans are detailed in the Fishery Management section. To understand the somewhat complicated intricacies of fisheries management, a distinction between “governance” and “management” begs clarification: 87
Governance refers to the entire process by which laws, procedures, and institutions address fisheries issues. This process includes the entire range of activity from stakeholders representing their concerns to [regional fishery] councils, through the councils developing and analyzing policy alternatives, choosing preferred policy, developing implementing regulations, and enforcing them, while also contending with the intervention of courts, state legislatures, and Congress. Management … refers to the ministerial process of carrying out a council’s approved management policies through rule implementation, monitoring, and enforcement. … Councils are more a part of governance than management … [but they] arguably have a foot in each camp. 431 Wespac has 13 voting and 3 non-voting members. 432 Eight members, who represent fishing and marine-related community interests in the region, are nominated by the governors of Hawai‘i, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Mariana Islands, 433 and are then selected and appointed by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce. 434 There are eight obligatory and at-large members, who serve three-year terms; council members may be reappointed for up to three consecutive terms, with approximately one-third of the terms expiring annually. 435 The other eight are designated state, territorial, and federal officials with fishery management responsibilities, and include three non-voting members from the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Oceans and International, Environment, and Scientific Affairs; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Refuges; and the U.S. Coast Guard 14th District. 436 Under the MSA, Wespac is authorized to appoint and assign duties to an executive director and other full- and part-time administrative employees. 437 Council decisions are based on a majority vote of the voting members who are present and voting. If members of the council disagree with matters sent to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce, that member can submit a statement to the secretary detailing the disagreement. Also, if the NMFS regional director disagrees with council decisions, he or she may submit a statement to the secretary. 438 Meetings, both general and emergency, are open to the pubic and the MSA provides standard agency procedural requirements (14-day advance notice publication in local newspapers in the major fishing ports of the region), and interested persons may present oral or written testimony on agenda matters at the meetings. Detailed minutes of the meetings are maintained. Meetings may be closed for matters of national security, employment, or briefings or litigation. 439 88
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Hawai‘i Fisheries Initiative A Co
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Examples of Hawai‘i Fish Aku Bige
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fishers, who defray costs by sellin
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A Snapshot of Hawai‘i’s Seafood
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Western Pacific Fisheries Managemen
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National and Statewide Economic Imp
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Economics of Hawai‘i’s Commerci
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Imports and Value Added NWHI Bottom
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Seafood Exports NOAA Fisheries repo
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Regional Trends, Wholesale Markets,
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due to the freshness of the fish wh
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Consumers of recreational and subsi
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One of the program’s goals is to
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With expected increases in populati
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Hawai‘i’s Aquaculture Potential
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The flat growth of the information
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Leasing Hawai‘i’s Waters: Legal
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Christopher Mann, a senior officer
Page 37 and 38: Recreational Fishing in Hawai‘i R
Page 39 and 40: Hawai‘i Marine Recreational Fishi
Page 41 and 42: Fishing Tournaments and Clubs Appro
Page 43 and 44: Fisheries Management and Enforcemen
Page 45 and 46: A comprehensive ecosystem-based fis
Page 47 and 48: State of Hawai‘i Fisheries Progra
Page 49 and 50: In its eighth year, 2,164 volunteer
Page 51 and 52: Stock Assessment and Catch Data Und
Page 53 and 54: 2006 State Fishing Licenses and Per
Page 55 and 56: Violations of marine-related laws c
Page 57 and 58: or Olive Ridley sea turtles have be
Page 59 and 60: History and Status of Hawai‘i’s
Page 61 and 62: 2006 Commercial Landings by Species
Page 63 and 64: wholesalers began offering Hawaiian
Page 65 and 66: that mortality levels will be susta
Page 67 and 68: Troll and Handline Pelagic Fisherie
Page 69 and 70: (a baited bottom camera) and Electr
Page 71 and 72: History and Status of Lobster and S
Page 73 and 74: Governing the Oceans In general, st
Page 75 and 76: In 1958, the Geneva Conventions on
Page 77 and 78: Authority within a Nation’s Exclu
Page 79 and 80: U.S. Ocean Policy, Regulatory Frame
Page 81 and 82: u The Oceans Act of 2000 382 establ
Page 83 and 84: development, analyzing climate chan
Page 85 and 86: u Sport Fish Restoration and Manage
Page 87: u Marine Debris Research, Preventio
Page 91 and 92: Hawaiian Ocean Policy and Regulator
Page 93 and 94: DLNR/State Historic Preservation Di
Page 95 and 96: nongovernmental organizations, and
Page 97 and 98: can give formal testimony. If neces
Page 99 and 100: Native Hawaiian Fisheries Managemen
Page 101 and 102: And, adjacent to the Hualalai Resor
Page 103 and 104: Native Hawaiian Rights Asserted via
Page 105 and 106: Traditional and Customary Rights wi
Page 107 and 108: Wespac reports increased community
Page 109 and 110: About the Hawaii Institute for Publ
Page 111 and 112: 21 U.S. Department of the Interior,
Page 113 and 114: 79 Hawai‘i International Seafood,
Page 115 and 116: 155 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conser
Page 117 and 118: 235 Id. 236 d. 237 Id. 238 Id. 239
Page 119 and 120: 318 Councilmember comments at the M
Page 121 and 122: 394 16 U.S.C. 1852 § 302, at http:
Page 123 and 124: 479 http://www.Hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/
Page 125 and 126: Waters: Native Hawaiians have an in
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Hawai'i Fisheries Initiative - The Hawaii Institute for Public Affairs

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