Hawai'i Fisheries Initiative - The Hawaii Institute for Public Affairs

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Papaha – naumokua – kea Marine National Monument: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands In June 2006, the Papaha – naumokua – kea Marine National Monument (PMNM) was created in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; the monument extends 50 nautical miles to each side of the 1,200 nm chain of coral islands, seamounts, banks, shoals, and islands northwest of Kaua‘i. Currently, there are eight permitted commercial fishing boats (due to monument restrictions, the permit number will not increase), and the proclamation also established total annual catch limits for bottomfish and pelagics, as well as restricted-use Special Preservation Areas and Ecological Reserves (areas of no commercial bottomfishing). The multi-agency management plan for the monument is expected to be finalized by late 2007. 175 In 2003, bottomfish from the NWHI provided approximately half of the total harvest; by the terms of the proclamation, the NWHI bottomfish harvest is limited to 350,000 pounds annually. In 2006, the NWHI bottomfish fishery brought in $645,150, or less than 1 percent of Hawai‘i’s $70 million wholesale fishing industry. The average return to owners whose vessels operate in the NWHI was $17,000 in 2003, and the average return to owner-operators was $43,341. 176 There had been discussions between the handful of remaining NWHI fishing permit holders and the Pew Charitable Trusts, which offered the fishers five times their average annual income to stop fishing early. Discussions proved unfruitful, and Pew abandoned its efforts. 177 PMNM will be closed to commercial fishing in 2011. Estimates vary considerably as to what effect the closure of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands fishing grounds will have on the industry, with Wespac cautioning that closure will eliminate a major source of locally caught bottomfish. 178 Wespac is currently considering a geographic reformation of its limited-access fishery management plan (which currently extends to 200 nm) to adhere to the 50 nm monument boundary surrounding the seamounts and atolls. This would serve to open the 50-200 nm zone to other Hawai‘i fishers. 179 45
State of Hawai‘i Fisheries Programs Goals for State Fisheries Management DAR’s 2006 report to the state legislature set out a series of near-term goals: n Evaluate and amend administrative rules covering fisheries management methods, such as closed seasons, bag limits, minimum sizes, gear restrictions, and total harvest limits n Establish measures to deal with aquatic alien species introduced through ship ballast water and hull fouling; improve the invasive species response and management plans n Increase community involvement in an advisory capacity n Work with the Hawaiian community to develop protocols for sustainable traditional and cultural fishing practices n Expand the recreational fish catch surveys statewide n Expand stock-enhancement programs, including the artificial reef program 180 n Expand aquatic education and outreach efforts statewide to raise awareness of fisheries management issues and opportunities DAR’s programs cover a wide range of activities in near-shore areas (the state’s 0-3 nm zone): fish and habitat surveys, artificial reef installations (both shallow and deeper water for bottomfish habitat), fish aggregation devices, education/ training, commercial fisher licensing, the recreational fishers survey, and identifying and implementing Marine Life Conservation Districts (MLCDs), which limit or prohibit fishing and other activities in specified marine areas. 181 O‘ahu’s Hanauma Bay became the state’s first MLCD 40 years ago. 182 Many early MLCDs were established with conservation and education in mind, rather than to enhance fish stocks; this resulted in MLCDs that vary in size, habitat quality, and management systems. A NOAA study released in March 2007 confirms that MLCDs that prohibit all fishing activity show higher fish biomass, larger overall fish sizes, and higher biodiversity than similar adjacent marine habitat areas. Areas with rotating closures do not appear to be effective as a stock-enhancement tool. 46
Page 1 and 2: Hawai‘i Fisheries Initiative A Co
Page 3 and 4: Examples of Hawai‘i Fish Aku Bige
Page 5 and 6: fishers, who defray costs by sellin
Page 7 and 8: A Snapshot of Hawai‘i’s Seafood
Page 9 and 10: Western Pacific Fisheries Managemen
Page 11 and 12: National and Statewide Economic Imp
Page 13 and 14: Economics of Hawai‘i’s Commerci
Page 15 and 16: Imports and Value Added NWHI Bottom
Page 17 and 18: Seafood Exports NOAA Fisheries repo
Page 19 and 20: Regional Trends, Wholesale Markets,
Page 21 and 22: due to the freshness of the fish wh
Page 23 and 24: Consumers of recreational and subsi
Page 25 and 26: One of the program’s goals is to
Page 27 and 28: With expected increases in populati
Page 29 and 30: Hawai‘i’s Aquaculture Potential
Page 31 and 32: The flat growth of the information
Page 33 and 34: Leasing Hawai‘i’s Waters: Legal
Page 35 and 36: Christopher Mann, a senior officer
Page 37 and 38: Recreational Fishing in Hawai‘i R
Page 39 and 40: Hawai‘i Marine Recreational Fishi
Page 41 and 42: Fishing Tournaments and Clubs Appro
Page 43 and 44: Fisheries Management and Enforcemen
Page 45: A comprehensive ecosystem-based fis
Page 49 and 50: In its eighth year, 2,164 volunteer
Page 51 and 52: Stock Assessment and Catch Data Und
Page 53 and 54: 2006 State Fishing Licenses and Per
Page 55 and 56: Violations of marine-related laws c
Page 57 and 58: or Olive Ridley sea turtles have be
Page 59 and 60: History and Status of Hawai‘i’s
Page 61 and 62: 2006 Commercial Landings by Species
Page 63 and 64: wholesalers began offering Hawaiian
Page 65 and 66: that mortality levels will be susta
Page 67 and 68: Troll and Handline Pelagic Fisherie
Page 69 and 70: (a baited bottom camera) and Electr
Page 71 and 72: History and Status of Lobster and S
Page 73 and 74: Governing the Oceans In general, st
Page 75 and 76: In 1958, the Geneva Conventions on
Page 77 and 78: Authority within a Nation’s Exclu
Page 79 and 80: U.S. Ocean Policy, Regulatory Frame
Page 81 and 82: u The Oceans Act of 2000 382 establ
Page 83 and 84: development, analyzing climate chan
Page 85 and 86: u Sport Fish Restoration and Manage
Page 87 and 88: u Marine Debris Research, Preventio
Page 89 and 90: Governance refers to the entire pro
Page 91 and 92: Hawaiian Ocean Policy and Regulator
Page 93 and 94: DLNR/State Historic Preservation Di
Page 95 and 96: nongovernmental organizations, and
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can give formal testimony. If neces
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Native Hawaiian Fisheries Managemen
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And, adjacent to the Hualalai Resor
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Native Hawaiian Rights Asserted via
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Traditional and Customary Rights wi
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Wespac reports increased community
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About the Hawaii Institute for Publ
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21 U.S. Department of the Interior,
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79 Hawai‘i International Seafood,
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155 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conser
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235 Id. 236 d. 237 Id. 238 Id. 239
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318 Councilmember comments at the M
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394 16 U.S.C. 1852 § 302, at http:
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479 http://www.Hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/
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Waters: Native Hawaiians have an in
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