formes diverses : respect des droits de l’homme, surveillance du terrorisme, ou encore de la démocratie. 64
XIX. <strong>The</strong> <strong>Euro</strong>-Mediterranean Charter and <strong>security</strong> in <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean Ambassador Pedro López-Aguirrebengoa 1 <strong>The</strong> Mediterranean region remains faced with important political, economic, ecological, social and cultural challenges that have to be taken up as common challenges for <strong>Euro</strong>pe and its partners in <strong>the</strong> region. Its characteristics <strong>of</strong> geographic unity but political diversity and complexity call for <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> a shared vision and a coordinated and sensitive response to address <strong>the</strong> problems and create an area <strong>of</strong> common interests. Given <strong>the</strong> outstanding strategic importance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean, we should look at it sensu lato, i.e., taking into account its interacting periphery. <strong>The</strong> strategic goal is to help ensure that <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean region becomes a focus <strong>of</strong> peace, <strong>security</strong>, stability and prosperity for <strong>the</strong> benefit <strong>of</strong> all its inhabitants and its neighbouring areas, by efforts aiming at <strong>the</strong> establishment and development <strong>of</strong> good-neighbourly relations, prosperity and <strong>the</strong> elimination <strong>of</strong> poverty, as well as <strong>the</strong> protection and promotion <strong>of</strong> human rights, consolidation <strong>of</strong> democracy, good governance, <strong>the</strong> rule <strong>of</strong> law, cultural and religious tolerance, and <strong>the</strong> consolidation <strong>of</strong> civil society. <strong>The</strong> <strong>Euro</strong>pean Union is elaborating a ‘common strategy’ for <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean, which will surely reinforce its Mediterranean policy and commitment. Personally, I hope it will be approved by <strong>the</strong> Lisbon Council. This ‘common strategy’ is to be based on <strong>the</strong> two specific priorities established by <strong>the</strong> Vienna Council Conclusions (11-12 December 1998) and confirmed at <strong>the</strong> Cologne <strong>Euro</strong>pean Council (3-4 June 1999): <strong>the</strong> Barcelona <strong>Euro</strong>-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP), and <strong>the</strong> Middle East Peace Process (MEPP). Both are differentiated but closely linked processes, and <strong>the</strong>ir link’s rationale was already established in <strong>the</strong> Barcelona Declaration: <strong>the</strong> EMP does not intend to replace <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r activities and initiatives undertaken in <strong>the</strong> interests <strong>of</strong> peace, stability and development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> region, but it will contribute to <strong>the</strong>ir success. With regard to this principle, three main ideas can be pointed out. Firstly, <strong>the</strong> Barcelona process was actually conceived as a post pacem process, at a moment when <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> MEPP seemed to be within short reach. Secondly, <strong>the</strong> Barcelona process wanted to contribute, by creating a positive synergy, to <strong>the</strong> reduction and resolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tensions and conflicts in <strong>the</strong> region, but did not intend to substitute itself to <strong>the</strong> existing peace processes. Thirdly, it was assumed that <strong>the</strong> globality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> EMP scheme was <strong>of</strong> such an importance to all parties that it would be placed somehow above <strong>the</strong> more specific existing initiatives. <strong>The</strong> Barcelona process is global, self-building, with an incremental approach, and interactive in its three Chapters. But <strong>the</strong> overall <strong>Euro</strong>-Mediterranean process depends - if <strong>the</strong> partnership is to develop <strong>the</strong> principles and objectives <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Barcelona Declaration - on its ability to help to create <strong>the</strong> appropriate conditions for <strong>the</strong> solution <strong>of</strong> existing regional conflicts that limit fur<strong>the</strong>r regional and subregional cooperation; its ability to prevent <strong>future</strong> tensions, crisis and new conflicts from erupting, and to manage <strong>the</strong>m, if needed be; and its role in post-conflict rehabilitation and peace building. <strong>The</strong> Second <strong>Euro</strong>-Mediterranean Ministerial Conference in Malta (1997) was for this reason an opportunity for reflection. An awareness began to develop on both sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dangers inherent in converting <strong>the</strong> Barcelona process into a permanent hostage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> MEPP. Without ignoring <strong>the</strong> inevitable connection, EMP’s comprehensiveness and scope should place it at a different level, in order to enable <strong>the</strong> shared principles and goals formulated in <strong>the</strong> Barcelona 1 Coordinator <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Euro</strong>-Mediterranean Partnership, Ministry <strong>of</strong> Foreign Affairs, Madrid. 65
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