Child Pornography: - Center for Problem-Oriented Policing

19. Lanning, Cyber "Pedophiles," supra note 7, ^f 4.16 (Organization of Materials) & ^f 4.18 (Maintenance of
Financial Records); Armagh, Battaglia & Lanning, supra note 5, at 4-5; Donna Andrea Rosenberg, Unusual
Forms of Child Abuse, in THEBATTERED CHILD at 432 (Mary Edna Helfer, Ruth S. Kempe & Richard D. Krugman
eds., 5th ed., The University of Chicago Press 1997).
20. Armagh, Battaglia & Lanning, supra note 5, at 4-5; Rosenberg, supra note 19, at 432.
21. Id.
22. Id.
23. Rosenberg, supra note 19, at 432.
24. Id.
25. Id.
26. Armagh, Battaglia & Lanning, supra note 5, at 2-3. Using a computer in child-pornography offenses
requires above-average intelligence and economic means. Preferential sex offenders can be identified by
certain interrelated behaviors including long-term and persistent patterns; specific sexual interests and defined
victim characteristics with the ability to rationalize their sexual preferences and build their lives around
those preferences; well-developed techniques including skill manipulation, access to victims, and use of
modern technology for sexual needs; and fantasy-driven behavior (i.e., turning fantasy into reality). Id. See
also Lanning, Cyber "Pedophiles," supra note 7, ^j 4.8 (Typology of Sex Offenders). Lanning's latest typology
establishes a motivational continuum along which sex offenders fall, with situational offenders at one
end and preferential at the other. Each also includes 11 characteristics.
27. Whitcomb, De Vos & Smith,supra note 8, at 4.
28. See Lanning, Cyber "Pedophiles,"supra note 7, ^f 4.23.
29. Rosenberg, supra note 19, at 441.
30. Child Exploitation Program Overview, United States Postal Inspection Service, Ray Smith, Postal
Inspector, July 20, 2000.
31. Hartman, Burgess & Lanning, Typology of Collectors, in CHILD PORNOGRAPHY AND SEX RINGS (A. W. Burgess,
ed., Lexington, MA: DC Health 1984)); Kenneth Lanning, CHILD MOLESTERS: A BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS (National
Center for Missing & Exploited Children, 3d ed. 1992).
32. Id.
33. Id.
34. Personal communication from Lieutenant William Walsh, Dallas (Texas) Police Department (December
10, 2000). See also Lanning, Cyber "Pedophiles," supra note 7, ^f 4.24 (citing anecdotal evidence that
suggests the majority of child-pornography collectors are not active molesters).
35. Hartman, Burgess & Lanning, supra note 31; Lanning, CHILD MOLESTERS, supra note 31.
36. Id.
37. Hartman, Burgess & Lanning, supra note 31.
38. Id.
39. Id.
40. Id.
41. Lanning, Cyber "Pedophiles, "supra note 7,^f 4.24.
42. Lanning, CHILD MOLESTERS, supra note 31, at 29; see also Tim Tate, The Child Pornography Industry:
International Trade in ChildSexual Abuse, in PORNOGRAPHY: WOMEN, VIOLENCE & CIVIL LIBERTIES at 212 (Catherine
Itzin ed., Oxford University Press 1992).
43. Lanning, CHILD MOLESTERS, supra note 31, at 29.
44. Id.
45. Id.
46. Id.
47. Armagh, Battaglia & Lanning, supra note 5, at 6; Rosenberg, supra note 19, at 432.
124- CHILD PORNOGRAPHY: THE CRIMINAL-JUSTICE-SYSTEM RESPONSE