Child Pornography: - Center for Problem-Oriented Policing

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Hunt, P. & M. Baird, Children of Sex Rings, CHILD WELFARE (May-June 1990). IN HARM'S WAY: THE PORNOGRAPHY CIVIL RIGHTS HEARINGS (Catharine A. MacKinnon & Andrea Dworkin eds., Harvard University Press 1997). Itzin, Catherine, Pornography and the Organization of Child Sexual Abuse, in ORGANIZED ABUSE: THE CURRENT DEBATE (Peter C. Bibby ed., Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate 1996). Itzin, Catherine, Pornography and the Organization of Intrafamilial and Extrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse: Developing a Conceptual Model, 6 CHILD ABUSE REV. 94 (1997). Kaplan, Jeffrey P., & Green, Georgia M., Grammar and Inferences of Rationality in Interpreting the Child Pornography Statute, 73 WASH. U. L.Q. 1223 (1995). Keane, William P., Commentary, Impact of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 on Federal Prosecutions of Computer Dissemination of Obscenity, Indecency, and Child Pornography, 18 HASTINGS COMM/ENT L.J. 853 (1996). Kelly, Liz, Pornography and Child Sexual Abuse, in PORNOGRAPHY: WOMEN, VIOLENCE, & CIVIL LIBERTIES (Catherine Itzin ed., Oxford University Press 1992). Klain, Eva J., Prostitution of Children and Child-Sex Tourism: An Analysis of Domestic and International Responses (National Center for Missing & Exploited Children 1999). Lanning, Kenneth V., CHILD MOLESTERS: A BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS (National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, 3d ed. 1992). Lanning, Kenneth V., CHILD SEX RINGS: A BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS (National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, 2d ed. 1992). Lanning, Kenneth V., Cyber "Pedophiles": A Behavioral Perspective, in PROSECUTING INTERNET CHILD EXPLOITATION CRIMES (James M. Peters ed., US Department of Justice, USABook in press). Lanning, Kenneth V., Collectors, in CHILD PORNOGRAPHY AND SEX RINGS (Ann Wolbert Burgess & Marieanne Lindeqvist Clark eds., Lexington Books 1984). Lanning, Kenneth V. & Ann W. Burgess, Child Pornography and Sex Rings, in PORNOGRAPHY: RESEARCH ADVANCES AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS (Zillman & Bryan eds., Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Press 1989). Lanning, Kenneth & Robert Hugh Farley, Understanding and Investigating Child Sexual Exploitation, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Portable Guides to Investigating Child Abuse at 8 (US Department of Justice 1997). Lee, Lydia W., Note, Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996: Confronting the Challenges of Virtual Reality, SO. CAL. INTERDISCIPLINARY L.J. 639(1999). LEVESQUE, ROGER, SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE (Indiana University Press 1999). Lodato, Vincent, Note, Computer-Generated Child Pornography—Exposing Prejudice in our First Amendment Jurisprudence?, 28 SETONHALLL. REV. 1328 (1998). McCauley, Jeanne, David E. Kern, Ken Kolodner, et al., Clinical Characteristics of Women with a History of Childhood Abuse: Unhealed Wounds, 277 J.A.M.A. 1362 (1997). McGeady, Paul, Cyber Symposium—Legal Issues of Broadcasting on the Internet Issues on Internet Pornography, 14 TOURO L. REV. (1997). 150 - CHILD PORNOGRAPHY: THE CRIMINAL-JUSTICE-SYSTEM RESPONSE
McLeer, Susan V., et al., Psychopathology in Non-Clinically Referred Sexually Abused Children, 37 J. AM. ACAD. CHILD & ADOLESC. PSYCHIATRY 1326 (1998). Muntarbhorn, Vitit, Violence Against Children: The Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography, in CHILDREN IN TROUBLE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED NATIONS EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON CHILDREN AND JUVENILES IN DETENTION: APPLICATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS 60-61 (Vienna: Austrian Federal Ministry for Youth and Family 1995). National Incidence Studies on Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children in America II (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention forthcoming). OCAF White Paper on Internet Pornography. "The Agincourt Project" An Action Proposal for the Elimination of Illegal Pornography and Child Pornography from the Internet. Presented by "OCAF" Oklahomans for Children and Families. 1997. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Special Joint Report: Federal Agency Task Force for Missing and Exploited Children (US Department of Justice 1997). ORGANIZED ABUSE: THE CURRENT DEBATE (Peter C. Bibby ed., Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate 1996). Out of Darkness: Contemporary Perspectives on Family Violence (Glenda Kaufman Kantor & JanaL. Jasinski eds., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 1997). Pierce, R.L., Child Pornography: A Hidden Dimension of Child Abuse, 8 CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT 483-93 (1984). PORNOGRAPHY: WOMEN, VIOLENCE, & CIVIL LIBERTIES (Catherine Itzin ed., Oxford University Press 1992). Program to Increase Under standing of Child Sexual Exploitation, Assessment Report, Volume II(American Bar Association Center on Children and the Law 1994). Pursel, Wendy L., Comment, Computer-Generated Child Pornography: A Legal Alternative?, 22 SEATTLE U. L. REV. 643 (1998). Queler, Matthew S., The Increased Need for Stronger Anti-Child Pornography Statutes in the Wake of United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc., 18 HARV. J.L. & PUB. POL'Y 929 (1995). Rabun, John B., Combating Child Pornography and Prostitution: One County's Approach, in CHILD PORNOGRAPHY AND SEX RINGS (Ann Wolbert Burgess & Marieanne Lindeqvist Clark eds., Lexington Books 1984). Rickel, Annette U. & Marie C. Hendren, Aberrant Sexual Experiences, in ADOLESCENT SEXUAL- ITY (Gullatta, Adams & Montemayor eds., Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications 1993). Rosenberg, Donna A., Unusual Forms of Child Abuse, in THE BATTERED CHILD (Mary Edna Helfer, Ruth S. Kempe & Richard D. Krugman eds., 5th Ed., The University of Chicago Press 1997). Second Comprehensive Study of Missing Children, Office of Juvenile Delinquency and Prevention Bulletin 2000). Silbert, M. & A. Pines, Pornography and Sexual Abuse of Women, 11/12 SEXROLES 866 (1984). Simmons Jr., Charles L. Maryland's Child Pornography Statute Holds Photographers Strictly Liable for the Use of Under-Aged Subjects But Leaves Open the Possibility of the Mistake of Age Defense, 25 U. BALT. L. REV. 109 (1995). CHILD PORNOGRAPHY: THE CRIMINAL-JUSTICE-SYSTEM RESPONSE- 151
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Child Pornography: The Criminal-Jus
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Acknowledgments This publication wo
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Investigating Child Pornography Cas
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eing is the subject. With the help
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The Child Pornographer: Consumer, C
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professions and social classes. Des
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victims are being recruited, seduce
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coupled with extortion, can make re
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Legal Analysis How does the legal s
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the court ruled that the requiremen
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such as paintings, drawings, and sc
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Another area of legislative action
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For instance Section 2251 may apply
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Other Applicable Federal Statutes C
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For example federal sentencing guid
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State Law Every state and the Distr
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As demonstrated by Alaska's statute
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may only be prosecuted for a single
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Affirmative Defenses A number of st
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the state Court of Appeals has foun
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• member states must encourage us
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First World Congress Against Commer
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Seized child pornography may help g
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When the warrant is based on the su
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United States Customs Service Unite
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Federal Bureau of Investigation: Cr
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Sexual Assault Felony Enforcement T
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Child Sexual Exploitation Strike Fo
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Benefits of Law-Enforcement Network
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it seeks new ways to control the fl
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ecuting child-sexual-exploitation c
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Conduct Additional Research While a
Page 127 and 128: Endnotes 1. The Internet isaglobal
Page 129 and 130: 48. Lanning, CHILD MOLESTERS, supra
Page 131 and 132: 99. Belanger, Albert J. et al., Typ
Page 133 and 134: 139. RONALD B. FLOWERS, CHILDREN AN
Page 135 and 136: 207. See 18U.S.C. § 2252(a)(4) (19
Page 137 and 138: 117, or under the laws of any State
Page 139 and 140: (a) Whoever knowingly persuades, in
Page 141 and 142: 267. Id. 268. U.S.S.G. § 2G2.2 (b)
Page 143 and 144: pornography via Internet did not vi
Page 145 and 146: 376. Sexual Abuse of Children, Chil
Page 147 and 148: 424. INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION
Page 149 and 150: 473. Id. at 31. 474. Id. 475. Id. 4
Page 151 and 152: 541. Whitcomb & Eastin, supra note
Page 153: Fergusson, David M., L. John Horwoo
Page 157 and 158: Resources on the Topic of Child Por
Page 159 and 160: Enough is Enough (888) 2Enough (1.8
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Page 163 and 164: National Center for Missing & Explo
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