Child Pornography: - Center for Problem-Oriented Policing
Child Pornography: - Center for Problem-Oriented Policing
Child Pornography: - Center for Problem-Oriented Policing
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139. RONALD B. FLOWERS, CHILDREN AND CRIMINALITY: THE CHILD AS VICTIM AND PERPETRATOR 97 (Westport, CT:<br />
Greenwood Press 1986).<br />
140. Bentovim & Bentovim, supra note 132, at 60-62.<br />
141. Id.<br />
142. Burgess & Clark, supra note 131.<br />
143. Id.<br />
144. Id.<br />
145. Lanning, Collectors, supra note 62, at 85.<br />
146. Id.<br />
147. P. Hunt & M. Baird, <strong>Child</strong>ren of Sex Rings, CHILD WELFARE 195, 202 (May-June 1990).<br />
148. Whitcomb, De Vos & Smith,supra note 8, at 16.<br />
149. Ann W. Burgess, Carol R. Hartman, Maureen P. McCausland & Patricia Powers, Impact of <strong>Child</strong><br />
<strong>Pornography</strong> and Sex Rings on <strong>Child</strong> Victims and Their Families, in CHILD PORNOGRAPHY AND SEX RINGS at 120-<br />
26 (Ann Wolbert Burgess & Marieanne Lindeqvist Clark eds., Lexington Books 1984).<br />
150. Id.<br />
151. Id.<br />
152. Id. at 120-24.<br />
153. Carl Goran Svedin & Kristina Back, <strong>Child</strong>ren WhoDon't Speak Out at 40-41 (RaddaBarnen (Swedish<br />
Save the <strong>Child</strong>ren) 1996).<br />
154. Burgess, Hartman, McCausland & Powers, supra note 149, at 120-26.<br />
155. Id.<br />
156. Id.<br />
157. Federal jurisdiction includes interstate or <strong>for</strong>eign commerce, conduct in any territory or possession of<br />
the United States with a nexus to interstate or <strong>for</strong>eign commerce, and other categories such as the special<br />
maritime jurisdiction of the United States.<br />
158. Pub. L. No. 95-225,92 Stat. 7 (1977) (codified as amended at 18 U.S.C. §§ 2251-2253).<br />
159. See Miller v. Cali<strong>for</strong>nia, 413 U.S. 15 (1973).<br />
160. People v. Ferber, 422 N.E.2d 523 (1981), rev'd, 458 U.S. 747 (1982).<br />
161. 458 U.S. 747(1982).<br />
162. 458U.S. at 764.<br />
163. See Miller v. Cali<strong>for</strong>nia, 413 U.S. 15 (1973).<br />
164. Pub. L. No. 98-292, §§ 3 & 4, 98 Stat. 204 (1984).<br />
165. 636 F. Supp. 828 (S.D. Cal. 1986), aff'd sub. nom. United States v. Weigand, 812 F.2d 1239 (9th Cir.),<br />
cert. denied, 484 U.S. 856 (1987).<br />
166. 32F.3d733(3dCir. 1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1109(1995).<br />
167. 32F.3dat832.<br />
168. Id.<br />
169. 32F.3d733(3dCir. 1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1109(1995).<br />
170. Pub. L. No. 99-628, § 2,100 Stat. 3510 (1986) (codified as amended at 18 U.S.C. § 2251).<br />
171. Pub. L. No. 100-690,§7512,102 Stat. 4181 (1988) (codified as amended at 18U.S.C. §§ 2251A-2252).<br />
172. Pub. L. No. 100-690, § 7513,102 Stat. 4181 (1988) (codified as amended at 18 U.S.C. § 2257).<br />
173. 33F.3d78(D.C.C. 1994), rehearing denied, 47 F.3d 1215 (1995), cert. denied, 515 U.S. 1158(1995).<br />
See also Connection Distributing Co. v. Reno, 154 F. 3d 281 (6th Cir. 1998) (<strong>Child</strong> Protection Restoration and<br />
Penalties Enhancement Act was narrowly tailored and did not violate First Amendment, did not act as unconstitutional<br />
prior restraint, and did not violate readers' free association rights).<br />
CHILD PORNOGRAPHY: THE CRIMINAL-JUSTICE-SYSTEM RESPONSE- 129