Child Pornography: - Center for Problem-Oriented Policing

76. Gaspar & Bibby, How Rings Work, in ORGANIZED ABUSE: THE CURRENT DEBATE 56-57 (Peter C. Bibby ed.,
Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate 1996).
77. Kenneth Lanning, CHILD SEX RINGS: A BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS (National Center for Missing & Exploited
Children, 2d ed. 1992); Gasper & Bibby, supra note 76, at 56-57.
78. Tate, supra note 42, at 208.
79. LEVESQUE, supra note 63, at 64.
80. Former Federal Bureau of Investigation Supervisory Special Agent Kenneth V. Lanning, an expert on
offender profiling, has been quoted as saying, "For a lot of these people, it's like a smoldering fire they are
able to keep under control-they haven't acted out their urges. But now, going online and looking at these
images of child pornography arouses those urges. It's like throwing gasoline on glowing embers." M.J.
Zuckerman, Net Entices, Then TrapsPedophiles, USA Today, April 19,2000. See Lanning, Cyber "Pedophiles,"
supra note 7, at U 4.17.
81. Rosenberg, supra note 19 at 440; J.R. Conte, S. Wolf & T. Smith, What Sexual Offenders Tell Us About
Prevention Strategies, 13 CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT: INTERNATIONAL J. 293-301 (1989)).
82. Lanning, CHILD SEX RINGS, supra note 77; see also Gasper & Bibby, supra note 76, at 56-57.
83. FLOWERS, supra note 2, at 91.
84. Lanning, CHILD SEX RINGS, supra note 77; see also Gasper & Bibby, supra note 76, at 56-57.
85. Personal communication from Sharon Cooper, MD, Developmental & Forensic Pediatrics, P.A.,
Fayetteville, North Carolina (December 2000).
86. Lanning, CHILD SEX RINGS, supra note 77; see also Gasper & Bibby, supra note 76, at 56-57.
87. Id.
88. David Finkelhor, Kimberly Mitchell & Janis Wolak, Crimes Against Children Research Center, University
of New Hampshire, Online Victimization: A Report on the Nation's Youth at 1 (National Center for
Missing & Exploited Children 2000). The report estimates that out of the 23.81 million youth between the
ages of 10 and 17 who regularly use the Internet in the United States, approximately 4.52 million youth
encountered a sexual solicitation or approach in the past year.
89. Id.at 13.
90. Id. at 35.
91. Ann Burgess et al., Response Patterns in Children and Adolescents Exploited through Sex Rings and
Pornography, 141(5) AM. J. OF PSYCH. 656-62 (1984) [hereinafter Burgess, Response Patterns]; Whitcomb,De
Vos & Smith, supra note 8, at 4. From July 1980 to February 1984 the Louisville-Jefferson County (Kentucky)
Exploited and Missing Child Unit (EMCU) investigated approximately 1,400 suspected cases of child sexual
exploitation. The EMCU prosecuted hundreds of adults, resulting in 40 cases that involved 12 children in
each case. All the adult offenders were found to possess adult pornography and most also had child nudes and/
or child pornography. Testimony of John B. Rabun, Jr., Deputy Director, National Center for Missing &
Exploited Children, Washington, DC, before the Subcommittee of Juvenile Justice, Committee of the Judiciary,
United States Senate, September 12, 1984.
92. Burgess, Response Patterns, supra note 91, at 656-62.
93. Itzin, supra note 72, at 174.
94. David Gough, The Current Literature About Organized Abuse of Children, 2 CHILD ABUSE REV. 281, 283
(1993).
95. Kenneth Lanning & Robert Hugh Farley, Understanding and Investigating Child Sexual Exploitation,
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Portable Guides to Investigating Child Abuse at 8
(US Department of Justice 1997).
96. Id. at 8.
97. Id. at 9.
98. Id.
126 - CHILD PORNOGRAPHY: THE CRIMINAL-JUSTICE-SYSTEM RESPONSE