Child Pornography: - Center for Problem-Oriented Policing

48. Lanning, CHILD MOLESTERS, supra note 31, at 29.
49. Id. at 30.
50. Id.
51. Armagh, Battaglia & Lanning, supra note 5, at 7; Tate, supra note 42, at 212.
52. Lanning,Cyber "Pedophiles,"supra note 7, *!\A.\0;seealso Armagh,Battaglia&Lanning,supranote 5,
at 7.
53. Id.
54. Id.
55. See United States v. Matthews, 209 F.3d 338 (4th Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 121 S.Ct. 260 (2000) (holding
First Amendment does not provide defense against criminal conviction for sending and receiving child
pornography over the Internet for journalistic purpose). See also State v. Williams, 93 Wash. App. 1013,1998
WL 8080007 (November 1998) (finding statute constitutional and not overbroad, refusing to require instruction
regarding affirmative defense to possession for journalistic purpose).
56. Lanning, Cyber "Pedophiles," supra note 7, *!\ 4.10; Armagh, Battaglia & Lanning, supra note 5, at 7-8.
57. These groups "condone child sexual abuse under the guise of promoting children's sexual liberty."
Rosenberg, supra note 19, at 441; see also DAVID HECHLER, THE BATTLE AND BACKLASH: THE CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
WAR (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books 1988).
58. Id.
59. FLOWERS, supra note 2, at 92 (citing "Child Pornography on the Rise Despite Tougher Laws," Sacramento
Union at E6 (April 7, 1984)).
60. See infra text accompanying notes 180-199.
61. Final Report, Attorney General's Commission on Child Pornography, US Department of Justice, July
1986, at 411 (Meese Commission) [hereinafter Attorney General's Final Report].
62. Kenneth V. Lanning, Collectors, in CHILD PORNOGRAPHY AND SEX RINGS at 86-87 (Ann Wolbert Burgess &
Marieanne Lindeqvist Clark, eds., Lexington Books 1984); Hames, supra note 8, at 197.
63. Lanning,Collectors,supranote62, at 86; Hames, supra note 8, at 197; ROGER J.R. LEVESQUE, SEXUAL ABUSE
OF CHILDREN: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE 64 (Indiana University Press 1999).
64. LEVESQUE, supra note 63, at 64.
65. Liz Kelly, Pornography and Child Sexual Abuse, in PORNOGRAPHY: WOMEN, VIOLENCE, & CIVIL LIBERTIES at
121 (Catherine Itzin ed., Oxford University Press 1992).
66. Lanning, Collectors, supra note 62, at 86-87.
67. Dennis Howitt, Pornography and the Paedophile: Is it Criminogenic?, 68 BRIT. J. OF MED. PSYCH. 15-27
(1995).
68. LEVESQUE, supra note 63, at 64.
69. LEVESQUE, supra note 63, at 64-65.
70. Lanning, Cyber "Pedophiles,"supra note 7, *\ 4.17.
71. Lanning, Collectors, supra note 62, at 86-87; see also Hames, supra note 8, at 197.
72. Catherine Itzin, Pornography and the Organization of Child Sexual Abuse, in ORGANIZED ABUSE: THE
CURRENT DEBATE 185 (Peter C. Bibby ed., Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate 1996).
73. Ray Wyer, Pornography and Sexual Violence: Working with Sex Offenders, in PORNOGRAPHY: WOMEN,
VIOLENCE AND CIVIL LIBERTIES 236 (Catherine Itzin ed., Oxford University Press 1992); see also LEVESQUE, supra
note 63, at 64.
74. Lanning, Collectors, supra note 62, at 86; see also Hames, supra note 8, at 197.
75. Ann W. Burgess & C.R. Hartman, Child Abuse Aspects of Child Pornography, 7 PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS 248-
53(1987).
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