Child Pornography: - Center for Problem-Oriented Policing

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447. Schnecklath v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 28 (1973). 448. See, e.g., United States v. Roberts, 86 F.Supp.2d 678 (S.D. Texas 2000) (border exception properly applied to importation/exportation of child pornography). 449. Armagh, Battaglia & Lanning, supra note 5, at 18. 450. National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (visited October 24, 2000) . 451. 42U.S.C. § 13032(1999). 452. John B. Rabun, Jr., CyberTipline Weekly Activity Report #155 (February 26, 2001 - March 4,2001) (National Center for Missing & Exploited Children) ("project to date" total for child pornography reports is 37,126). 453. National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (visited January 24, 2001) . 454. National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (visited October 24, 2000) . 455. Id. 456. Child sex tourism is travel to regions where child-abuse laws are weak or poorly enforced in an attempt to circumvent domestic prohibitions, or the opportunistic use of prostituted children while traveling in such regions. See Klain, supra note 113, at 1, 32-50. 457. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention & National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, Federal Agency Task Force for Missing and Exploited Children at 20 (US Department of Justice 1997). 458. For more information on INTERPOL's Standing Working Party on Offenses Against Minors, see infra text accompanying notes 512-13. 459. 64 Fed. Reg. 88(1999). 460. Personal communication from Michael Medaris, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, US Department of Justice (January 30,2001). The individual ICAC task forces do not collect conviction rates. 461. Id. 462. Id. 463. Deputy Attorney General Announces New Grants To Combat Internet Crimes Against Children, US Department of Justice Press Release (Washington, DC, May 10,2000). For a complete list of ICAC Task Force sites, see the resource list on page 156. 464. National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (last visited January 9, 2001) . 465. Louis Freeh, Child Pornography on the Internet and the Sexual Exploitation ofChildren, Statementfor the Record before the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary and Related Agencies (March 10, 1998). 466. Id. 467. Jennifer Coleman, Internet Police Patrol Cyberspace, AP OnLine (March 14, 2000). 468. Id. 469. Id. 470. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Prosecutor Course Information, NCMEC 2000. 471. US Department of Justice, Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section,WhatWeDo (last visited June 21, 2000) . 472. Child Sexual Exploitation: Improving Investigations and Protecting Victims, A Blueprint for Action (Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of Crime January 1995) [hereinafter Blueprint for Action]. 144- CHILD PORNOGRAPHY: THE CRIMINAL-JUSTICE-SYSTEM RESPONSE
473. Id. at 31. 474. Id. 475. Id. 476. Debra Whitcomb & Julie Eastin, Joining Forces Against Child Sexual Exploitation: Models for a Multijurisdictional Team Approach at 11 (Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of Crime January 1998). 477. Id. at 9-10. 478. Id. at 14. 479. Id. 480. Whitcomb, De Vos & Smith,supra note 8, at 19. 481. Id. 482. Id. at 22. 483. Federal Agency Task Force, supra note 457. 484. Whitcomb & Eastin, supra note 476, at 23. 485. Id. 486. Id. 487. Blueprint for Action, supra note 472, at 32. 488. Whitcomb & Eastin, supra note 476, at 15. 489. Personal communication with Inspector Robert Williams, US Postal Inspection Service, Chicago, Illinois (January 23, 2001). 490. Whitcomb & Eastin, supra note 476, at 16. 491. Id. 492. Id. at 18. 493. Id. at 18-19. 494. Id. at 19. 495. Id. 496. Id. 497. Id. 498. Id. at 20. 499. Id. 500. Id. 501. Id. at 23. 502. Id. 503. Blueprint for Action, supra note 472, at 31. 504. Id. 505. Id. 506. Whitcomb & Eastin, supra note 476, at 18. 507. Id. 508. Id. Personal communication from Susan Cronin, State Police Detective Unit, Massachusetts State Police (January 31, 2001). 509. Personal communication from Susan Cronin, State Police Detective Unit, Massachusetts State Police (January 31, 2001). 510. Whitcomb & Eastin, supra note 476, at 24. 511. Id. CHILD PORNOGRAPHY: THE CRIMINAL-JUSTICE-SYSTEM RESPONSE- 145
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Child Pornography: The Criminal-Jus
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Acknowledgments This publication wo
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Investigating Child Pornography Cas
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eing is the subject. With the help
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The Child Pornographer: Consumer, C
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professions and social classes. Des
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victims are being recruited, seduce
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coupled with extortion, can make re
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Legal Analysis How does the legal s
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the court ruled that the requiremen
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such as paintings, drawings, and sc
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Another area of legislative action
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For instance Section 2251 may apply
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Other Applicable Federal Statutes C
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For example federal sentencing guid
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State Law Every state and the Distr
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As demonstrated by Alaska's statute
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may only be prosecuted for a single
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Affirmative Defenses A number of st
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the state Court of Appeals has foun
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• member states must encourage us
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First World Congress Against Commer
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Seized child pornography may help g
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When the warrant is based on the su
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United States Customs Service Unite
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Federal Bureau of Investigation: Cr
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Sexual Assault Felony Enforcement T
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Child Sexual Exploitation Strike Fo
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Benefits of Law-Enforcement Network
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it seeks new ways to control the fl
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ecuting child-sexual-exploitation c
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Conduct Additional Research While a
Page 127 and 128: Endnotes 1. The Internet isaglobal
Page 129 and 130: 48. Lanning, CHILD MOLESTERS, supra
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Page 133 and 134: 139. RONALD B. FLOWERS, CHILDREN AN
Page 135 and 136: 207. See 18U.S.C. § 2252(a)(4) (19
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Page 141 and 142: 267. Id. 268. U.S.S.G. § 2G2.2 (b)
Page 143 and 144: pornography via Internet did not vi
Page 145 and 146: 376. Sexual Abuse of Children, Chil
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Page 159 and 160: Enough is Enough (888) 2Enough (1.8
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