Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual

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■ Use the proper block device with sgp_dd (sgX versus sdX) size 1048576K rsz 128 crg 8 thr 32 read 20.02 MB/s size 1048576K rsz 128 crg 8 thr 32 read 56.72 MB/s The above outputs were achieved on the same disk with the same parameters for sgp_dd. The only difference between them is that, in the first case, /dev/sda was used; in the second case, /dev/sg0 was used. sgX is a special interface that bypasses the block layer and the I/O scheduler, but sends the SCSI commands directly to a drive. sdX is a regular block device, and the requests go through the block layer and the I/O scheduler. Using different I/O schedulers does not change the numbers. Tip – Try to avoid sync writes; probably subsequent write would make the stripe full and no reads will be needed. Try to configure RAID5 and the application so that most of the writes are full-stripe and stripe-aligned. ■ ■ ■ NR_STRIPES in RAID5 (Linux kernel parameter) This is the size of the internal cache that RAID5 uses for all operations. If many processes are doing I/O, we suggest that you increase this number. In newer kernels, there is a module parameter to tune it. Do not put an ext3 journal onto RAID5. As the journal is written linearly and synchronously, in most cases writes do not fill whole stripes and RAID5 has to read parities. Suggested MD device setups for maximum performance: MDT RAID1 with an internal journal and two disks from different controllers. If you need a larger MDT, create multiple RAID1 devices from pairs of disks, and then make a RAID0 array of the RAID1 devices. This ensures maximum reliability because multiple disk failures have only a small chance of hitting both disks in the same RAID1 device. Doing the opposite (RAID1 of a pair of RAID0 devices), has a 50% chance that even two disk failures can cause loss of the entire MDT device. The first failure will disable an entire half of the mirror and the second failure has a 50% chance of disabling the remaining mirror. 10-6 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual • September 2008
OST Filesystem: RAID5 with 5 or 9 disks, or RAID6 with 6 or 10 disks, each on a different controller. Ideally, the RAID configuration should allow the 1 MB Lustre RPCs to evenly fit only one RAID stripe without requiring an expensive readmodify-write cycle. = * ( - )
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Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual Sun M
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Please Recycle
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2. Understanding Lustre Networking
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6. Configuring Lustre - Examples 6-
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9. Configuring Quotas 9-1 9.1 Worki
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15. Backup and Restore 15-1 15.1 Lu
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20. LustreProc 20-1 20.1 /proc Entr
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22. Lustre Troubleshooting Tips 22-
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Part IV Lustre for Users 24. Free S
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29. Lustre Programming Interfaces (
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33. System Limits 33-1 33.1 Maximum
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Shell Prompts Shell C shell C shell
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xxiv Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual
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PART I Lustre Architecture Lustre i
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1.1 Lustre File System Lustre is a
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1.2.4 OSTs An OSTs provide back-end
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1.3 Files in the Lustre File System
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1.3.1 Lustre File System and Stripi
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1.3.3 Lustre System Capacity Lustre
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1.5 Lustre Networking In clusters w
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Note - Lustre does not provide redu
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Key features of LNET include: ■
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CHAPTER 3 Prerequisites This chapte
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3.2 Using a Pre-Packaged Lustre Rel
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Another option is to: 1. Install db
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3.3.4 Choosing a Proper Kernel I/O
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3.4 Memory Requirements This sectio
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CHAPTER 4 Lustre Installation This
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4.1.1 MountConf MountConf is shorth
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Note - For detailed information on
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Mounting Lustre on a client node $
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We are mounting by disk label here
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4.2.2.2 Mount with Inactive OSTs Mo
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Client mount for foo: mount -t lust
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$ mount -t lustre -L testfs-MDT0000
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$ cd /tmp/kernels/linux-2.6.9 $ rm
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Use standard RPM commands to instal
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4.3.2.2 Liblustre The Lustre librar
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4.4 Building a Lustre Source Tarbal
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CHAPTER 5 Configuring the Lustre Ne
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5.1.5 Determine Appropriate Mount P
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Note - Depending on the Linux distr
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live_router_check_interval, dead_ro
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5.2.3 Downed Routers There are two
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5.3.2 Stopping LNET Before the LNET
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CHAPTER 6 Configuring Lustre - Exam
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6.1.2 Lustre with Separate MGS and
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How to Create a CSV File Five diffe
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Linux LVM LV (Logical Volume) The C
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The lustre_config.csv file looks li
Page 105 and 106: Example 1: Simple Lustre configurat
Page 107 and 108: CHAPTER 7 More Complicated Configur
Page 109 and 110: Because megan and oscar match the f
Page 111 and 112: 7.2 Elan to TCP Routing Servers meg
Page 113 and 114: 7.3.3 Start clients For the TCP cli
Page 115 and 116: CHAPTER 8 Failover This chapter des
Page 117 and 118: For proper resource fencing, the He
Page 119 and 120: 8.1.5 Roles of Nodes in a Failover
Page 121 and 122: 8.4.3 Hardware Requirements for Fai
Page 123 and 124: 8.5.1.1 Configuring Heartbeat This
Page 125 and 126: . Monitor the syslog on both nodes.
Page 127 and 128: To get the proper syntax, run: $ st
Page 129 and 130: 8.6 Using MMP The multiple mount pr
Page 131 and 132: 8.7.2 Configuring the Hardware Hear
Page 133 and 134: Use this procedure: 1. Create the b
Page 135 and 136: 8.7.3.2 Testing 1. Pull power from
Page 137 and 138: CHAPTER 9 Configuring Quotas This c
Page 139 and 140: To enable quotas automatically when
Page 141 and 142: The lfs command now includes these
Page 143 and 144: This sets a much smaller granularit
Page 145 and 146: The quota_bunit_sz parameter displa
Page 147 and 148: 9.1.5.2 Quota Limits Available quot
Page 149 and 150: Quota Event nowait_for_pending_blk_
Page 151 and 152: CHAPTER 10 RAID This chapter descri
Page 153 and 154: 10.1.3 Understanding Double Failure
Page 155: 10.2 Insights into Disk Performance
Page 159 and 160: 10.2.1 Sample Graphs The graphs in
Page 161 and 162: 10.2.1.2 Graphs for Read Performanc
Page 163 and 164: 10.3 Creating an External Journal W
Page 165 and 166: CHAPTER 11 Kerberos This chapter de
Page 167 and 168: Note - The Heimdal implementation o
Page 169 and 170: General Installation Notes ■ ■
Page 171 and 172: . Install the keytab. Note - There
Page 173 and 174: # uppercase the hex nid=$(echo $nid
Page 175 and 176: 11.2.2 Types of Lustre-Kerberos Fla
Page 177 and 178: 11.2.2.3 Customized Flavor In most
Page 179 and 180: 11.2.2.6 Rules, Syntax and Examples
Page 181 and 182: CHAPTER 12 Bonding This chapter des
Page 183 and 184: # ethtool eth1 Settings for eth1: S
Page 185 and 186: 12.4 Bonding Module Parameters Bond
Page 187 and 188: The examples below are from RedHat
Page 189 and 190: 12.5.1 Examples This is an example
Page 191 and 192: 12.6 Configuring Lustre with Bondin
Page 193 and 194: CHAPTER 13 Upgrading Lustre The cha
Page 195 and 196: 13.2.2 Supported Upgrade Paths The
Page 197 and 198: [root@mds1]# tunefs.lustre --mgs --
Page 199 and 200: 13.2.5 Upgrading Multiple File Syst
Page 201 and 202: 13.3 Upgrading Lustre from 1.6.3 to
Page 203 and 204: 13.4 Downgrading Lustre from 1.6.4
Page 205 and 206: CHAPTER 14 Lustre SNMP Module The L
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14.3 Using the Lustre SNMP Module O
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CHAPTER 15 Backup and Restore This
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15.1.3.1 Backing Up an MDS File To
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3. Mount the filesystem. ■ For 2.
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2. Format LVM volumes as Lustre tar
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15.3.4 Restoring From Old Snapshot
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CHAPTER 16 POSIX This chapter descr
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7. When the system displays this pr
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16.3 Isolating and Debugging Failur
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If this single test is causing prob
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CHAPTER 17 Benchmarking The benchma
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Version 1.03 --Sequential Output--
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17.3 IOzone Benchmark IOZone is a f
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CHAPTER 18 Lustre Recovery This cha
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18.2.2 MDS Failure (and Failover) R
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PART III Lustre Tuning, Monitoring
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19.1.1 Downloading an I/O Kit You c
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The sgpdd_survey script must be cus
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3. Determine the obdfilter instance
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19.2.2.3 Output of the sbdfilter_su
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19.3 PIOS Test Tool The PIOS test t
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19.3.2 PIOS I/O Modes There are sev
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Offset(o): Distance between two suc
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19.3.4 PIOS Examples To create a 1
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19.4.1.2 Utilities LNET self-test h
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Note - This script can be easily ad
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19.4.3.2 Group This section lists l
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del_group NAME Removes a group from
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There are only two test types: --pi
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19.4.3.4 Other Commands This sectio
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show_error [--session] [GROUP]|[IDs
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20.1 /proc Entries for Lustre This
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proc/sys/lustre/fail_loc This is th
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20.1.3.1 Configuring Adaptive Timeo
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Note - Changing adaptive timeouts s
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Credits work like a semaphore. At s
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20.2 Lustre I/O Tunables The sectio
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20.2.2 Watching the Client RPC Stre
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20.2.4 Client Read-Write Extents Su
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20.2.5 Watching the OST Block I/O S
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20.2.7 mballoc History /proc/fs/ldi
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Number of groups scanned (grps colu
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20.2.9 Locking /proc/fs/lustre/ldlm
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20.3.1 RPC Information for Other OB
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Where: Parameter Cur. Count Cur. Ra
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20-30 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual
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21.1.0.1 OSS Service Thread Count T
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21.3 Options to Format MDT and OST
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21.3.3.3 Number of Inodes for OST F
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21.5.3 Setting Write-Back Cache Per
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For example, one OST per tier LUNLa
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21.7 Lockless I/O Tunables The lock
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22.1.2 Lustre Logs The error messag
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22.3 Lustre Performance Tips This s
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22.3.4 OSTs Become Read-Only If the
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22.3.6 Changing Parameters You can
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22.3.8 Default Striping These are t
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22.3.12 Handling/Debugging "Bind: A
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You may also receive this error if
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22.3.17 Handling/Debugging "LustreE
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22.3.22 Number of OSTs Needed for S
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23.1 Lustre Debug Messages Each Lus
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23.2 Tools for Lustre Debugging The
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debug_daemon stop Completely shuts
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4. If you already have a debug log
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23.2.8 Adding Debugging to the Lust
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23.3 Troubleshooting with strace Th
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23.4.1 Determine the Lustre UUID of
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CHAPTER 24 Free Space and Quotas Th
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Examples [lin-cli1] $ lfs df UUID 1
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CHAPTER 25 Striping and I/O Options
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25.1.2 Disadvantages of Striping Th
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You can also use ls -l /proc//fd/ t
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25.3.1 Changing Striping for a Subd
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25.4.1 Round-Robin Allocator When O
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25.6 Other I/O Options This section
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if (close(fd) < 0) { fprintf(stderr
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} /* Ping all OSTs that belong to t
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CHAPTER 26 Lustre Security This cha
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Lustre ACL support is a system-wide
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The root squash UID and GID can be
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CHAPTER 27 Lustre Operating Tips Th
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27.2 A Simple Data Migration Script
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27.4 Failures Running a Client and
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PART V Reference This part includes
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28.1 lfs The lfs utility can be use
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Options The various lfs options are
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Option Description setstripe Create
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Option Description help Provides br
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$ lfs quotacheck -ug /mnt/lustre Ch
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Options The options and description
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Example e2fsck -n -v --mdsdb /tmp/m
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lustre-OST0000: ******* WARNING: Fi
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To fix dangling inodes, lfsck creat
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Options The options and description
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28.5 Handling Timeouts Timeouts are
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29.1.2 Description The group upcall
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Description The llapi_file_create()
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30.1.2 llapi_file_get_stripe Use ll
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30.1.4 llapi_quotactl Use llapi_quo
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Return Values llapi_quotactl() retu
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Important: All old (pre v.1.4.6) Lu
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ip2nets ("") is a string that lists
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The expansion is a list enclosed in
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31.2.2 SOCKLND Kernel TCP/IP LND Th
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31.2.3 QSW LND The QSW LND (qswlnd)
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31.2.5 VIB LND The VIB LND is conne
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31.2.6 OpenIB LND The OpenIB LND is
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ME/MD Queue Length The ptllnd uses
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31.2.8 Portals LND (Catamount) The
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31.2.9 MX LND MXLND supports a numb
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32.1 mkfs.lustre The mkfs.lustre ut
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Option Description --stripe-count-h
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Option Description --index=index Fo
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32.3 lctl The lctl utility is used
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Device Operations Option Descriptio
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Options Use the following options t
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32.4 mount.lustre The mount.lustre
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In addition to the standard mount o
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Options Option Description -b inode
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offset_stats The client offset_stat
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32.5.8 Fast e2fsck Using the uninit
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32.5.10 llobdstat The llobdstat uti
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Example To monitor /proc/fs/lustre/
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LNET self-test includes two user ut
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32.5.14 routerstat The routerstat u
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33.2 Maximum Stripe Size For a 32-b
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33.9 MDS Space Consumption A single
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Modules LNET acceptor accept_port a
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VIB LND service_number arp_retries
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A-6 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual
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Administrator Tasks Build Install n
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Manual Version Date Details of Edit
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C-8 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual
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Can I run Lustre in a heterogeneous
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How do I abort recovery? Why would
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Filesystem refuses to mount because
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Is it possible to change the IP add
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Can I change the striping of a file
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How do I resize an MDS / OST filesy
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1. Make a mountpoint for the mkdir
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How do I control multiple services
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Note - CluManager requires two 10M
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1. Try: lconf --cleanup --force 2.
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The following computation is used t
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Example 2: Servers have two tcp net
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If you determine the LAST_ID file o
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Information on the Socket LND (sock
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What should I do if I suspect devic
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In most cases, running e2fsck -fp $
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What operations take place in Lustr
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What is the Lustre data path? On th
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D-38 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual
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Completion Callback Configlog Confi
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GSS Group Sweeping Scheduling. A di
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LOV LOV descriptor Lustre Lustre cl
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opencache Orphan objects Orphan han
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S Storage Object API Storage Object
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Glossary-12 Lustre 1.6 Operations M
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failover, 4-10 filesystem name, 4-8
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Lustre building, 4-18 building a ta
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Q QSW LND, 31-10 Quadrics Elan, 2-2
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Index-8 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manua
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