Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual

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How do I resize an MDS / OST filesystem? This is a method to back up the MDS, including the extended attributes containing the striping data. If something goes wrong, you can restore it to a newly-formatted larger filesystem, without having to back up and restore all OSS data. Caution – If this data is very important to you, we strongly recommend that you try to back it up before you proceed. It is possible to run out of space or inodes in both the MDS and OST filesystems. If these filesystems reside on some sort of virtual storage device (e.g., LVM Logical Volume, RAID, etc.) it may be possible to increase the storage device size (this is device-specific) and then grow the filesystem to use this increased space. 1. Prior to doing any sort of low-level changes like this, back up the filesystem and/or device. See How do I backup / restore a Lustre filesystem? 2. After the filesystem or device has been backed up, increase the size of the storage device as necessary. For LVM this would be: lvextend -L {new size} /dev/{vgname}/{lvname} or lvextend -L +{size increase} /dev/{vgname}/{lvname} 3. Run a full e2fsck on the filesystem, using the Lustre e2fsprogs (available at the Lustre download site or http://downloads.clusterfs.com/public/tools/e2fsprogs/. Run: e2fsck -f {dev} 4. Resize the filesystem to use the increased size of the device. Run: resize2fs -p {dev} D-12 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual • September 2008
How do I backup / restore a Lustre filesystem? Several types of Lustre backups are available. CLIENT FILE SYSTEM-LEVEL BACKUPS It is possible to back up Lustre filesystems from a client (or many clients in parallel working in different directories), via any number of user-level backup tools like tar, cpio, Amanda, and many enterprise-level backup tools. However, due to the very large size of most Lustre filesystems, full backups are not always possible. Doing backups of subsets of the filesystem (subdirectories, per user, incremental by date, etc.) using normal file backup tools is still recommended, as this is the easiest method from which to restore data. TARGET RAW DEVICE-LEVEL BACKUPS In some cases, it is desirable to do full device-level backups of an individual MDS or OST storage device for various reasons (before hardware replacement, maintenance or such). Doing full device-level backups ensures that all of the data is preserved in the original state and is the easiest method of doing a backup. If hardware replacement is the reason for the backup or if there is a spare storage device then it is possible to just do a raw copy of the MDS/OST from one block device to the other as long as the new device is at least as large as the original device using the command: dd if=/dev/{original} of=/dev/{new} bs=1M If hardware errors are causing read problems on the original device then using the command below allows as much data as possible to be read from the original device while skipping sections of the disk with errors: dd if=/dev/{original} of=/dev/{new} bs=4k conv=sync,noerror Even in the face of hardware errors, the ext3 filesystem is very robust and it may be possible to recover filesystem data after e2fsck is run on the new device. TARGET FILE SYSTEM-LEVEL BACKUPS In other cases, it is desirable to make a backup of just the file data in an MDS or OST filesystem instead of backing up the entire device (e.g., if the device is very large but has little data in it, if the configuration of the parameters of the ext3 filesystem need to be changed, to use less space for the backup, etc). In this case it is possible to mount the ext3 filesystem directly from the storage device and do a file-level backup. Lustre MUST BE STOPPED ON THAT NODE. To back up such a filesystem properly also requires that any extended attributes (EAs) stored in the filesystem be backed up, but unfortunately current backup tools do not properly save this data so an extra step is required. Appendix D Lustre Knowledge Base D-13
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Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual Sun M
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Please Recycle
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2. Understanding Lustre Networking
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6. Configuring Lustre - Examples 6-
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9. Configuring Quotas 9-1 9.1 Worki
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15. Backup and Restore 15-1 15.1 Lu
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20. LustreProc 20-1 20.1 /proc Entr
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22. Lustre Troubleshooting Tips 22-
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Part IV Lustre for Users 24. Free S
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29. Lustre Programming Interfaces (
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33. System Limits 33-1 33.1 Maximum
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Shell Prompts Shell C shell C shell
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xxiv Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual
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PART I Lustre Architecture Lustre i
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1.1 Lustre File System Lustre is a
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1.2.4 OSTs An OSTs provide back-end
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1.3 Files in the Lustre File System
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1.3.1 Lustre File System and Stripi
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1.3.3 Lustre System Capacity Lustre
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1.5 Lustre Networking In clusters w
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Note - Lustre does not provide redu
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Key features of LNET include: ■
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CHAPTER 3 Prerequisites This chapte
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3.2 Using a Pre-Packaged Lustre Rel
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Another option is to: 1. Install db
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3.3.4 Choosing a Proper Kernel I/O
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3.4 Memory Requirements This sectio
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CHAPTER 4 Lustre Installation This
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4.1.1 MountConf MountConf is shorth
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Note - For detailed information on
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Mounting Lustre on a client node $
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We are mounting by disk label here
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4.2.2.2 Mount with Inactive OSTs Mo
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Client mount for foo: mount -t lust
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$ mount -t lustre -L testfs-MDT0000
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$ cd /tmp/kernels/linux-2.6.9 $ rm
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Use standard RPM commands to instal
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4.3.2.2 Liblustre The Lustre librar
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4.4 Building a Lustre Source Tarbal
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CHAPTER 5 Configuring the Lustre Ne
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5.1.5 Determine Appropriate Mount P
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Note - Depending on the Linux distr
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live_router_check_interval, dead_ro
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5.2.3 Downed Routers There are two
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5.3.2 Stopping LNET Before the LNET
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CHAPTER 6 Configuring Lustre - Exam
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6.1.2 Lustre with Separate MGS and
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How to Create a CSV File Five diffe
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Linux LVM LV (Logical Volume) The C
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The lustre_config.csv file looks li
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Example 1: Simple Lustre configurat
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CHAPTER 7 More Complicated Configur
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Because megan and oscar match the f
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7.2 Elan to TCP Routing Servers meg
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7.3.3 Start clients For the TCP cli
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CHAPTER 8 Failover This chapter des
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For proper resource fencing, the He
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8.1.5 Roles of Nodes in a Failover
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8.4.3 Hardware Requirements for Fai
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8.5.1.1 Configuring Heartbeat This
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. Monitor the syslog on both nodes.
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To get the proper syntax, run: $ st
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8.6 Using MMP The multiple mount pr
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8.7.2 Configuring the Hardware Hear
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Use this procedure: 1. Create the b
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8.7.3.2 Testing 1. Pull power from
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CHAPTER 9 Configuring Quotas This c
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To enable quotas automatically when
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The lfs command now includes these
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This sets a much smaller granularit
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The quota_bunit_sz parameter displa
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9.1.5.2 Quota Limits Available quot
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Quota Event nowait_for_pending_blk_
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CHAPTER 10 RAID This chapter descri
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10.1.3 Understanding Double Failure
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10.2 Insights into Disk Performance
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OST Filesystem: RAID5 with 5 or 9 d
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10.2.1 Sample Graphs The graphs in
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10.2.1.2 Graphs for Read Performanc
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10.3 Creating an External Journal W
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CHAPTER 11 Kerberos This chapter de
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Note - The Heimdal implementation o
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General Installation Notes ■ ■
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. Install the keytab. Note - There
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# uppercase the hex nid=$(echo $nid
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11.2.2 Types of Lustre-Kerberos Fla
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11.2.2.3 Customized Flavor In most
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11.2.2.6 Rules, Syntax and Examples
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CHAPTER 12 Bonding This chapter des
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# ethtool eth1 Settings for eth1: S
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12.4 Bonding Module Parameters Bond
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The examples below are from RedHat
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12.5.1 Examples This is an example
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12.6 Configuring Lustre with Bondin
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CHAPTER 13 Upgrading Lustre The cha
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13.2.2 Supported Upgrade Paths The
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[root@mds1]# tunefs.lustre --mgs --
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13.2.5 Upgrading Multiple File Syst
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13.3 Upgrading Lustre from 1.6.3 to
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13.4 Downgrading Lustre from 1.6.4
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CHAPTER 14 Lustre SNMP Module The L
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14.3 Using the Lustre SNMP Module O
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CHAPTER 15 Backup and Restore This
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15.1.3.1 Backing Up an MDS File To
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3. Mount the filesystem. ■ For 2.
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2. Format LVM volumes as Lustre tar
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15.3.4 Restoring From Old Snapshot
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CHAPTER 16 POSIX This chapter descr
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7. When the system displays this pr
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16.3 Isolating and Debugging Failur
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If this single test is causing prob
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CHAPTER 17 Benchmarking The benchma
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Version 1.03 --Sequential Output--
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17.3 IOzone Benchmark IOZone is a f
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CHAPTER 18 Lustre Recovery This cha
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18.2.2 MDS Failure (and Failover) R
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PART III Lustre Tuning, Monitoring
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19.1.1 Downloading an I/O Kit You c
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The sgpdd_survey script must be cus
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3. Determine the obdfilter instance
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19.2.2.3 Output of the sbdfilter_su
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19.3 PIOS Test Tool The PIOS test t
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19.3.2 PIOS I/O Modes There are sev
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Offset(o): Distance between two suc
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19.3.4 PIOS Examples To create a 1
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19.4.1.2 Utilities LNET self-test h
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Note - This script can be easily ad
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19.4.3.2 Group This section lists l
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del_group NAME Removes a group from
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There are only two test types: --pi
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19.4.3.4 Other Commands This sectio
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show_error [--session] [GROUP]|[IDs
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20.1 /proc Entries for Lustre This
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proc/sys/lustre/fail_loc This is th
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20.1.3.1 Configuring Adaptive Timeo
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Note - Changing adaptive timeouts s
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Credits work like a semaphore. At s
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20.2 Lustre I/O Tunables The sectio
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20.2.2 Watching the Client RPC Stre
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20.2.4 Client Read-Write Extents Su
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20.2.5 Watching the OST Block I/O S
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20.2.7 mballoc History /proc/fs/ldi
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Number of groups scanned (grps colu
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20.2.9 Locking /proc/fs/lustre/ldlm
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20.3.1 RPC Information for Other OB
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Where: Parameter Cur. Count Cur. Ra
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20-30 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual
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21.1.0.1 OSS Service Thread Count T
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21.3 Options to Format MDT and OST
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21.3.3.3 Number of Inodes for OST F
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21.5.3 Setting Write-Back Cache Per
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For example, one OST per tier LUNLa
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21.7 Lockless I/O Tunables The lock
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22.1.2 Lustre Logs The error messag
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22.3 Lustre Performance Tips This s
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22.3.4 OSTs Become Read-Only If the
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22.3.6 Changing Parameters You can
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22.3.8 Default Striping These are t
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22.3.12 Handling/Debugging "Bind: A
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You may also receive this error if
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22.3.17 Handling/Debugging "LustreE
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22.3.22 Number of OSTs Needed for S
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23.1 Lustre Debug Messages Each Lus
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23.2 Tools for Lustre Debugging The
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debug_daemon stop Completely shuts
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4. If you already have a debug log
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23.2.8 Adding Debugging to the Lust
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23.3 Troubleshooting with strace Th
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23.4.1 Determine the Lustre UUID of
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CHAPTER 24 Free Space and Quotas Th
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Examples [lin-cli1] $ lfs df UUID 1
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CHAPTER 25 Striping and I/O Options
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25.1.2 Disadvantages of Striping Th
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You can also use ls -l /proc//fd/ t
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25.3.1 Changing Striping for a Subd
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25.4.1 Round-Robin Allocator When O
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25.6 Other I/O Options This section
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if (close(fd) < 0) { fprintf(stderr
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} /* Ping all OSTs that belong to t
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CHAPTER 26 Lustre Security This cha
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Lustre ACL support is a system-wide
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The root squash UID and GID can be
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CHAPTER 27 Lustre Operating Tips Th
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27.2 A Simple Data Migration Script
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27.4 Failures Running a Client and
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PART V Reference This part includes
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28.1 lfs The lfs utility can be use
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Options The various lfs options are
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Option Description setstripe Create
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Option Description help Provides br
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$ lfs quotacheck -ug /mnt/lustre Ch
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Options The options and description
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Example e2fsck -n -v --mdsdb /tmp/m
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lustre-OST0000: ******* WARNING: Fi
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To fix dangling inodes, lfsck creat
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Options The options and description
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28.5 Handling Timeouts Timeouts are
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29.1.2 Description The group upcall
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Description The llapi_file_create()
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30.1.2 llapi_file_get_stripe Use ll
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30.1.4 llapi_quotactl Use llapi_quo
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Return Values llapi_quotactl() retu
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Important: All old (pre v.1.4.6) Lu
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ip2nets ("") is a string that lists
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The expansion is a list enclosed in
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31.2.2 SOCKLND Kernel TCP/IP LND Th
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31.2.3 QSW LND The QSW LND (qswlnd)
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31.2.5 VIB LND The VIB LND is conne
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31.2.6 OpenIB LND The OpenIB LND is
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ME/MD Queue Length The ptllnd uses
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31.2.8 Portals LND (Catamount) The
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31.2.9 MX LND MXLND supports a numb
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32.1 mkfs.lustre The mkfs.lustre ut
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Option Description --stripe-count-h
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Option Description --index=index Fo
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32.3 lctl The lctl utility is used
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Device Operations Option Descriptio
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Options Use the following options t
Page 450 and 451: 32.4 mount.lustre The mount.lustre
Page 452 and 453: In addition to the standard mount o
Page 454 and 455: Options Option Description -b inode
Page 456 and 457: offset_stats The client offset_stat
Page 458 and 459: 32.5.8 Fast e2fsck Using the uninit
Page 460 and 461: 32.5.10 llobdstat The llobdstat uti
Page 462 and 463: Example To monitor /proc/fs/lustre/
Page 464 and 465: LNET self-test includes two user ut
Page 466 and 467: 32.5.14 routerstat The routerstat u
Page 468 and 469: 33.2 Maximum Stripe Size For a 32-b
Page 470 and 471: 33.9 MDS Space Consumption A single
Page 472 and 473: 33-6 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual
Page 474 and 475: Modules LNET acceptor accept_port a
Page 476 and 477: VIB LND service_number arp_retries
Page 478 and 479: A-6 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual
Page 480 and 481: Administrator Tasks Build Install n
Page 482 and 483: Manual Version Date Details of Edit
Page 488 and 489: C-8 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual
Page 490 and 491: Can I run Lustre in a heterogeneous
Page 492 and 493: How do I abort recovery? Why would
Page 494 and 495: Filesystem refuses to mount because
Page 496 and 497: Is it possible to change the IP add
Page 498 and 499: Can I change the striping of a file
Page 502 and 503: 1. Make a mountpoint for the mkdir
Page 504 and 505: How do I control multiple services
Page 506 and 507: Note - CluManager requires two 10M
Page 508 and 509: 1. Try: lconf --cleanup --force 2.
Page 510 and 511: The following computation is used t
Page 512 and 513: Example 2: Servers have two tcp net
Page 514 and 515: If you determine the LAST_ID file o
Page 516 and 517: Information on the Socket LND (sock
Page 518 and 519: What should I do if I suspect devic
Page 520 and 521: In most cases, running e2fsck -fp $
Page 522 and 523: What operations take place in Lustr
Page 524 and 525: What is the Lustre data path? On th
Page 526 and 527: D-38 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manual
Page 528 and 529: Completion Callback Configlog Confi
Page 530 and 531: GSS Group Sweeping Scheduling. A di
Page 532 and 533: LOV LOV descriptor Lustre Lustre cl
Page 534 and 535: opencache Orphan objects Orphan han
Page 536 and 537: S Storage Object API Storage Object
Page 538 and 539: Glossary-12 Lustre 1.6 Operations M
Page 540 and 541: failover, 4-10 filesystem name, 4-8
Page 542 and 543: Lustre building, 4-18 building a ta
Page 544 and 545: Q QSW LND, 31-10 Quadrics Elan, 2-2
Page 546: Index-8 Lustre 1.6 Operations Manua
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