NOAA Protocols for Fisheries Acoustics Surveys and Related ...

Introduction............................................................................................... 107
Protocol 1 – Calibration and System Performance (C)......................... 108
Calibration............................................................................................................... 108
Techniques .......................................................................................................... 108
Error ................................................................................................................... 110
Considerations .................................................................................................... 110
System Performance ............................................................................................... 110
Techniques .......................................................................................................... 111
Error ................................................................................................................... 111
Considerations .................................................................................................... 111
Protocol 2 -- Volume Backscattering Measurements (E i ) ..................... 111
Data Collection ....................................................................................................... 111
Software – ....................................................................................................... 112
GPS – .............................................................................................................. 112
Detection Probability .............................................................................................. 112
Acoustic Dead Zones: Near surface and near bottom.................................... 113
Vessel Noise and Avoidance ........................................................................... 113
Multiple scattering and shadowing................................................................. 113
Considerations .................................................................................................... 113
Remediation – ................................................................................................. 113
Classification........................................................................................................... 114
Techniques .......................................................................................................... 114
Single Frequency – ......................................................................................... 114
Multiple Frequency –...................................................................................... 114
Biological Sampling –..................................................................................... 114
Bottom Tracking – .......................................................................................... 114
Oceanographic Data –..................................................................................... 115
Error ................................................................................................................... 115
Considerations .................................................................................................... 115
Remediation – ................................................................................................. 115
Improvements – .............................................................................................. 115
Performance Degradation ....................................................................................... 116
Definition & Importance..................................................................................... 116
Techniques .......................................................................................................... 116
Noise – ............................................................................................................ 116
Bubble Attenuation – ...................................................................................... 116
Transducer Motion –....................................................................................... 117
Bio-fouling –................................................................................................... 117
Error ................................................................................................................... 117
Considerations .................................................................................................... 117
Remediation – ................................................................................................. 117
Improvements – .............................................................................................. 117
Data Management ................................................................................................... 117
105