NOAA Protocols for Fisheries Acoustics Surveys and Related ...

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GPS The primary Global Positioning System (GPS) data used for the acoustical surveys are the differential GPS values. PCODE GPS data are used as a secondary source. Oceanographic Data Sea-surface temperature and salinity data are collected continuously during the survey. These data are a standard set of data regularly collected by the Scientific Computer System (SCS). Vertical temperature and salinity (CTD) profiles are conducted at the beginning and end of each transect. Vertical CTD profiles are also conducted immediately prior to or immediately after every deployment or set of deployments. If multiple deployments are to be conducted in the same area and over a short time frame (e.g., less than 12 hours), whether to conduct a single CTD or multiple casts is left to the discretion of the watch chief. The Fisheries Oceanography Investigation (FOI) maintains the CTD instrumentation and is responsible for CTD data management. The FOI provides training for CTD operation at the beginning of each survey ‘leg’. All scientific personnel participate in the training at least once during the survey. Detection Probability Techniques The beam width and directivity response function for each transducer are provided by the transducer manufacturer (Simrad) and are documented for each survey. During calibration exercises, beam pattern measurements are evaluated for proper echo strength compensation. Thresholding The single target discrimination threshold is set at –66 dB. This setting is a compromise between logistic constraints imposed by the EK500 and an optimal threshold to obtain TS measurements of Atlantic herring and other organisms. The ‘TS Measurements -> Echo Sounder Parameter Settings’ details the justification for this parameter value. Acoustic Dead Zones: Near Bottom and Near Surface Near-surface and near-bottom limitations are equivalent for target strength and S v data. The ‘Volume Backscattering Measurement->Detection Probability->Acoustic Dead Zones’ section provides detailed protocols. Animal Behavior Currently we do not have protocols for incorporating animal behavior in target strength measurements. Vessel Noise The ‘Volume Backscattering Measurements->Detection Probability->Vessel Noise and Avoidance’ section provides details on vessel noise. Currently we do not have protocols for incorporating vessel noise in analysis of TS measurements. 70
Density Requirements Currently we do not have protocols for incorporating density dependencies on target strength measurements. Single Frequency Currently we do not have protocols for incorporating single frequency methods in analyzing target strength data. Multiple Frequency Currently we do not have protocols for incorporating multiple frequency methods in analyzing target strength data. We are investigating the potential for incorporating multifrequency methods described by Demer et al. (1999) to improve target strength measurements. Classification Techniques Single Frequency Currently we do not have protocols for classification of individual targets using single frequency target strength data. Multiple Frequency Currently we do not have protocols for classification of individual targets using multiple frequency target strength data. Biological Sampling Trawls Verification of the species composition of individual targets is equivalent to methods used for S v data. The ‘Volume Backscattering Measurements->Classification->Biological Sampling- >Trawls’ section provides detailed protocols for biological sampling. Underwater video. The use of underwater video methods and instrumentation are experimental. Currently we do not have protocols for underwater video methods. Bottom Tracking Seabed detection protocols are equivalent for target strength and S v data. Detailed protocols are provided in the ‘Volume Backscattering Measurements->Detection Probability->Acoustic Dead Zones’ section. Performance Degradation Techniques Noise Acoustical Acoustical noise protocols are equivalent for the target strength and S v data. The ‘Volume Backscattering Measurements->Performance Degradation-Noise->Acoustical’ section provides detailed methods. 71
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NOAA Protocols for Fisheries Acoust
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Echo Sounder Parameters ...........
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Trawls ............................
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Introduction In response to Vice Ad
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Advanced Survey Technologies Progra
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Techniques Before conducting a cali
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Considerations Remediation Echo sou
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transmission loss. To correct for s
Page 20 and 21: unavoidably discarded, just as some
Page 22 and 23: factors such as orientation are not
Page 24 and 25: A schedule for calibration and main
Page 26 and 27: Techniques Noise Acoustical A commo
Page 28 and 29: ⎛ I ⎞ r TS ≡ 10 log10 ⎜ ⎟
Page 30 and 31: Considerations Remediation If a TS-
Page 32 and 33: Techniques Beam Pattern Transducers
Page 34 and 35: during vertical migration, will cau
Page 36 and 37: A schedule for calibration and main
Page 38 and 39: degradation are external to the ech
Page 40 and 41: permanently archived for each surve
Page 42 and 43: Numerical Density to Biomass Densit
Page 44 and 45: An electronic ‘event log’ can b
Page 46 and 47: References Demer, D.A., M.A. Soule,
Page 48 and 49: Regional Protocols Because of the d
Page 51 and 52: Table of Contents Introduction.....
Page 53: Electrical ........................
Page 56 and 57: Center Background NEFSC The Northea
Page 58 and 59: S v Calibrations The NEFSC acoustic
Page 60 and 61: Operation Menu/Transmit Power Norma
Page 62 and 63: Software The echo sounder firmware
Page 64 and 65: ii. Minimum Sv for good pick: -50.0
Page 66 and 67: Net mensuration sensors are attache
Page 68 and 69: We remove backscattering by surface
Page 72 and 73: Electrical Electrical noise protoco
Page 74 and 75: Scientific Computer System (SCS) Fi
Page 77: Appendix 2 March 11, 2005 NOAA Prot
Page 80 and 81: Techniques ........................
Page 82 and 83: Center Background AFSC The Alaska F
Page 84 and 85: On-axis sensitivity and S v calibra
Page 86 and 87: Volume Backscattering Measurements
Page 88 and 89: Mid-water juvenile pollock (max sa=
Page 90 and 91: Biological Sampling Mid-water and n
Page 92 and 93: Bubble Attenuation Vessel speed is
Page 94 and 95: Data Collection Since 1990 to the p
Page 96 and 97: sampling resolution of scattering l
Page 98 and 99: A decision must be made as to wheth
Page 100 and 101: design. If fish abundance in this a
Page 102 and 103: Simrad. 2001. Simrad EK60 scientifi
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Page 106 and 107: Acoustic Data......................
Page 108 and 109: ackscattering cross-section (σ i )
Page 110 and 111: o For the 38 kHz transducer operati
Page 112 and 113: • Two-way integrated beam pattern
Page 114 and 115: Classification Techniques Single Fr
Page 116 and 117: Performance Degradation Definition
Page 118 and 119: Biological Data Data from catch pro
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elation also assumes that backscatt
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finer than the 13.5-18.9 nmi (25-35
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Improvements - The annual hake migr
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Techniques The primary source of th
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Hamano, A., Sasakura, T., Kieser, R
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