NOAA Protocols for Fisheries Acoustics Surveys and Related ...

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Echo Sounder Parameters ................................................................................. 17 Software ............................................................................................................ 18 GPS ................................................................................................................... 18 Oceanographic Data.......................................................................................... 18 Error ..................................................................................................................... 18 Considerations ...................................................................................................... 18 Remediation ...................................................................................................... 18 Improvements ................................................................................................... 19 Detection Probability ................................................................................................ 19 Definition & Importance....................................................................................... 19 Techniques ............................................................................................................ 19 Thresholding ..................................................................................................... 19 Range ................................................................................................................ 20 Acoustic Dead Zones: Near surface and near bottom....................................... 20 Animal Behavior............................................................................................... 20 Vessel Noise and Avoidance ............................................................................ 21 Multiple scattering and shadowing ................................................................... 21 Error ..................................................................................................................... 21 Considerations ...................................................................................................... 22 Remediation ...................................................................................................... 22 Improvements ................................................................................................... 22 Classification............................................................................................................. 22 Definition & Importance....................................................................................... 22 Techniques ............................................................................................................ 22 Single Frequency .............................................................................................. 22 Multiple Frequency........................................................................................... 23 Biological Sampling.......................................................................................... 23 Trawls ........................................................................................................... 23 Underwater video.......................................................................................... 24 Bottom Tracking ............................................................................................... 24 Error ..................................................................................................................... 24 Considerations ...................................................................................................... 24 Remediation ...................................................................................................... 24 Improvements ................................................................................................... 24 Performance Degradation ......................................................................................... 25 Definition & Importance....................................................................................... 25 Techniques ............................................................................................................ 26 Noise ................................................................................................................. 26 Acoustical ..................................................................................................... 26 Electrical ....................................................................................................... 26 Bubble Attenuation ........................................................................................... 26 Transducer Motion............................................................................................ 26 Bio-fouling........................................................................................................ 27 Error ..................................................................................................................... 27 Considerations ...................................................................................................... 27 Remediation ...................................................................................................... 27 4
Improvements ................................................................................................... 27 Data Management ..................................................................................................... 27 Target Strength ( i )..................................................................................................... 27 Models....................................................................................................................... 28 Definition & Importance....................................................................................... 28 Techniques ............................................................................................................ 29 Theoretical ........................................................................................................ 29 Empirical........................................................................................................... 29 Validation.......................................................................................................... 29 Error ..................................................................................................................... 29 Considerations ...................................................................................................... 30 Remediation ...................................................................................................... 30 Improvements ................................................................................................... 30 Data Collection ......................................................................................................... 30 Definition & Importance....................................................................................... 30 Techniques ............................................................................................................ 30 Echo sounder Parameters.................................................................................. 30 Software ............................................................................................................ 30 In situ data......................................................................................................... 30 GPS ................................................................................................................... 31 Oceanographic Data.......................................................................................... 31 Error ..................................................................................................................... 31 Considerations ...................................................................................................... 31 Remediation ...................................................................................................... 31 Improvements ................................................................................................... 31 Detection Probability ................................................................................................ 31 Definition & Importance....................................................................................... 31 Techniques ............................................................................................................ 32 Beam Pattern..................................................................................................... 32 Thresholding ..................................................................................................... 32 Acoustic Dead Zones: Near Bottom and Near Surface .................................... 32 Animal Behavior............................................................................................... 32 Vessel Noise...................................................................................................... 32 Density Requirements....................................................................................... 33 Single Frequency .............................................................................................. 33 Multiple Frequency........................................................................................... 33 Error ..................................................................................................................... 33 Considerations ...................................................................................................... 34 Remediation ...................................................................................................... 34 Improvements ................................................................................................... 34 Classification............................................................................................................. 34 Definition & Importance....................................................................................... 34 Techniques ............................................................................................................ 34 Single Frequency .............................................................................................. 34 Multiple Frequency........................................................................................... 35 Biological Sampling.......................................................................................... 35 5
Page 1: NOAA Protocols for Fisheries Acoust
Page 6 and 7: Trawls ............................
Page 9: Introduction In response to Vice Ad
Page 12 and 13: Advanced Survey Technologies Progra
Page 14 and 15: Techniques Before conducting a cali
Page 16 and 17: Considerations Remediation Echo sou
Page 18 and 19: transmission loss. To correct for s
Page 20 and 21: unavoidably discarded, just as some
Page 22 and 23: factors such as orientation are not
Page 24 and 25: A schedule for calibration and main
Page 26 and 27: Techniques Noise Acoustical A commo
Page 28 and 29: ⎛ I ⎞ r TS ≡ 10 log10 ⎜ ⎟
Page 30 and 31: Considerations Remediation If a TS-
Page 32 and 33: Techniques Beam Pattern Transducers
Page 34 and 35: during vertical migration, will cau
Page 36 and 37: A schedule for calibration and main
Page 38 and 39: degradation are external to the ech
Page 40 and 41: permanently archived for each surve
Page 42 and 43: Numerical Density to Biomass Densit
Page 44 and 45: An electronic ‘event log’ can b
Page 46 and 47: References Demer, D.A., M.A. Soule,
Page 48 and 49: Regional Protocols Because of the d
Page 51 and 52: Table of Contents Introduction.....
Page 53: Electrical ........................
Page 56 and 57:
Center Background NEFSC The Northea
Page 58 and 59:
S v Calibrations The NEFSC acoustic
Page 60 and 61:
Operation Menu/Transmit Power Norma
Page 62 and 63:
Software The echo sounder firmware
Page 64 and 65:
ii. Minimum Sv for good pick: -50.0
Page 66 and 67:
Net mensuration sensors are attache
Page 68 and 69:
We remove backscattering by surface
Page 70 and 71:
GPS The primary Global Positioning
Page 72 and 73:
Electrical Electrical noise protoco
Page 74 and 75:
Scientific Computer System (SCS) Fi
Page 77:
Appendix 2 March 11, 2005 NOAA Prot
Page 80 and 81:
Techniques ........................
Page 82 and 83:
Center Background AFSC The Alaska F
Page 84 and 85:
On-axis sensitivity and S v calibra
Page 86 and 87:
Volume Backscattering Measurements
Page 88 and 89:
Mid-water juvenile pollock (max sa=
Page 90 and 91:
Biological Sampling Mid-water and n
Page 92 and 93:
Bubble Attenuation Vessel speed is
Page 94 and 95:
Data Collection Since 1990 to the p
Page 96 and 97:
sampling resolution of scattering l
Page 98 and 99:
A decision must be made as to wheth
Page 100 and 101:
design. If fish abundance in this a
Page 102 and 103:
Simrad. 2001. Simrad EK60 scientifi
Page 104 and 105:
104
Page 106 and 107:
Acoustic Data......................
Page 108 and 109:
ackscattering cross-section (σ i )
Page 110 and 111:
o For the 38 kHz transducer operati
Page 112 and 113:
• Two-way integrated beam pattern
Page 114 and 115:
Classification Techniques Single Fr
Page 116 and 117:
Performance Degradation Definition
Page 118 and 119:
Biological Data Data from catch pro
Page 120 and 121:
elation also assumes that backscatt
Page 122 and 123:
finer than the 13.5-18.9 nmi (25-35
Page 124 and 125:
Improvements - The annual hake migr
Page 126 and 127:
Techniques The primary source of th
Page 128 and 129:
Hamano, A., Sasakura, T., Kieser, R
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