NOAA Protocols for Fisheries Acoustics Surveys and Related ...

Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................79
Introduction............................................................................................................81
Center Background................................................................................................82
Methods...................................................................................................................83
Calibration and System Performance ..................................................................................... 83
Calibration............................................................................................................................. 83
Software ............................................................................................................................ 83
Standard values................................................................................................................. 83
Data archive...................................................................................................................... 83
On-axis sensitivity and S v calibration ............................................................................... 84
Beam pattern measurements............................................................................................. 84
Oceanographic data.......................................................................................................... 84
Update guidelines ............................................................................................................. 84
System Performance ............................................................................................................. 85
Volume Backscattering Measurements................................................................................... 86
Data Collection ..................................................................................................................... 86
Echo Sounder Parameters ................................................................................................ 86
Software ............................................................................................................................ 86
GPS ................................................................................................................................... 86
Detection Probability ............................................................................................................ 87
Thresholding ..................................................................................................................... 87
Range ................................................................................................................................ 88
Acoustic Dead Zones......................................................................................................... 88
Animal Behavior ............................................................................................................... 89
Vessel Noise and Avoidance ............................................................................................. 89
Multiple Scattering and Shadowing.................................................................................. 89
Classification......................................................................................................................... 89
Single and Multiple Frequency......................................................................................... 89
Biological Sampling.......................................................................................................... 90
Underwater Video............................................................................................................. 91
Bottom Tracking................................................................................................................ 91
Oceanographic Data......................................................................................................... 91
Performance Degradation ..................................................................................................... 91
Acoustic noise ................................................................................................................... 91
Electrical noise ................................................................................................................. 91
Bubble Attenuation............................................................................................................ 92
Transducer Motion............................................................................................................ 92
Bio-fouling ........................................................................................................................ 92
Target Strength (σ i ).................................................................................................................. 92
Models................................................................................................................................... 92
Definition & Importance................................................................................................... 92
79