Toolkits for Urban Transport Development - UNEP

While cities have little role in formulating fuel mix policy, they are heavily impacted by any changes.
To understand these transitions, it is important to refer to national studies that document these
transitions 28 .
Plans for improvements in the future should take into account vehicle efficiency. The aggregate fuel
efficiency is expected to improve in the BAU, improvement is much in a fuel economy scenario
where India achieves the 4 lit per 100 km global target in 2050 (Figure 5).
Figure 5.
Fuel Economy Improvement in Cars
Electricity
Electricity is expected to play an increasing role in the future (Figure 4) of transport in cities, due to
the introduction of metros, the electrification of rail tracks and a wider diffusion of electric vehicles
(including two wheelers, cars and buses). In many cases, electricity is supplied to cities from outside
municipal boundaries, freeing the cities from local pollutants (SO2, NOx, particulates, etc.). However,
cities are obliged to account for CO 2 emissions as per the scope 2 emission guidelines from the IPCC.
The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) 28 shows the grid emission electricity intensity that is
compatible with UNFCCC requirements for the base year (latest available 2011). The future grid
emission intensity is expected to improve in the BAU (See Figure 6).
28 CEA CO 2 Database , Available at http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/planning/cdm_co2/user_guide_ver8.pdf.
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