Toolkits for Urban Transport Development - UNEP

Task 3-6 CO 2 Emissions and Air Quality
Figure 6. CO 2 Intensity of Electricity from Grid 29
Model Framework
The framework for sustainable urban mobility needs to utilise the four strategic levers: urban form,
Non Motorised Transport (NMT), public transport and technology. The framework should study the
impacts of alternative strategies using key indicators for mobility, safety, and local environment, as
well as more aggregate indicators like CO 2 and energy use. It is difficult to find a single model that
can estimate all these indicators. One approach is to use a model framework (Figure 7) that combines
a GIS-based transport planning model (as described inTask 3-4) with an emission inventory and air
diffusion model (e.g. SIM AIR), which can then analyse the impact of activities from different
sectors, including transport, on the local environment, energy use and CO 2 emissions.
29 Figure 8 is from the Low Carbon City: A Guidebook for City Planners and Practitioners available at
http://www.unep.org/Transport/lowcarbon/Pdf's/LowCarbonCity_Guidebook.pdf. According to WEO 2012 by 2035 the
grid CO 2 intensity in BAU would be around 0.56 t CO 2 /Mwh (IEA, 2012)
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