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Table 4.1 Invertebrate Toxicity Data - Lead Reference Study ID Test Organism Soil pH OM % Bioavailability Score ERE Tox Parameter Tox Value (Soil Conc. mg/kg dw) Total Evaluation Score Eligible for Eco-SSL Derivation? Sandifer and Hopkin, 1996 a Collembola Folsomia candida 6.0 10.0 1 REP MATC 3162 16 Y Y Sandifer and Hopkin, 1996 c Collembola Folsomia candida 4.5 10.0 1 REP MATC 3162 16 Y Y Sandifer and Hopkin, 1996 b Collembola Folsomia candida 5.0 10.0 1 REP MATC 894 15 Y Y Sandifer and Hopkin, 1997 Collembola Folsomia candida 6.0 10.0 1 REP MATC 894 15 Y Y Data Not Used to Derive Eco-SSL Geometric Mean 1682 Peredney and Williams, 2000b s Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 4 1.14 2 MOR LC50 285 13 N N Peredney and Williams, 2000b t Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 4 1.14 2 MOR LC 50 297 13 N N Peredney and Williams, 2000b u Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 4 4.2 2 MOR LC 50 847 13 N N Peredney and Williams, 2000b v Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 4 4.2 2 MOR LC 50 1341 13 N N Donkin and Dusenbery, 1994 a Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 6.2 1.7 2 MOR LC 50 1554 14 N N Donkin and Dusenbery, 1994 b Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 5.1 3.0 2 MOR LC 50 891 14 N N Spurgeon et al., 1994 Earthworm Eisenia fetida 6.3 10.0 1 REP EC 50 1940 15 N N Spurgeon and Hopkin, 1995 Earthworm Eisenia fetida 6.1 10.0 1 REP EC 50 1629 15 N N Neuhauser et al., 1985a; 1985b b Earthworm Eisenia fetida 6.0 10.0 1 MOR LC 50 3716 13 N N Conder and Lanno, 2000 Earthworm Eisenia fetida 6.5 10.0 1 MOR ILL 1.16 16 N N Peredney and Williams, 2000a; 2000b w Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 4 10 1 MOR LC 50 1434 12 N N Peredney and Williams, 2000b x Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 4 10 1 MOR NOAEC 2235 12 N N Donkin and Dusenbery, 1994 c Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 6.1 3.4 1 MOR LC 50 13.9 13 N N Donkin and Dusenbery, 1994 d Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 6.2 2.2 1 MOR LC 50 11.6 13 N N EC 50 = Effect concentration for 50% of test population ERE = Ecologically relevant endpoint ILL = Incipient lethal level LC 50 = Concentration lethal to 50% of test population LOAEC = Lowest observed adverse effect concentration OM = Organic matter content REP = Reproduction MATC = Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration = geometric mean of NOAEC and LOAEC MOR = Mortality N = No NOAEC = No observed adverse effect concentration Y = Yes Bioavailability Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (USEPA, 2003) Total Evaluation Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (USEPA, 2003) Used for Eco-SSL? Eco-SSL for Lead 6 March 2005
Result # Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity Data Extracted for Wildlife Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) Lead Page 1 of 2 Reference Ref No. Test Organism # of Conc/ Doses Biochemical 1 Scheuhammer, 1987 2860 Zebra finch (Poephila guttata ) 7 U FD 35 d NR NR AD M ENZ ALAD BL 0.0584 0.292 69 2 Edens and Garlich, 1983 2608 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 4 U FD 5 w 6 w JV F CHM CALC BL 0.194 1.94 68 3 Edens and Garlich, 1983 2608 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 4 U FD 5 w 6 d JV F CHM CALC BL 0.194 1.94 70 4 Finley et al., 1976 2624 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos ) 4 M FD 12 w 1 yr AD M ENZ ALAD BL 0.201 0.586 78 5 Edens and Garlich, 1983 2608 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 5 U FD 2 w NR NR AD F CHM CALC BL 6.24 12.5 72 6 Morgan et al., 1975 2779 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 5 U FD 5 w 6 d JV NR CHM HMGL BL 12.6 126 69 7 Morgan et al., 1975 2779 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 5 U FD 5 w 1 d JV NR CHM HMGL BL 13.5 67.4 69 8 Stone et al., 1981 6463 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 5 U FD 14 d 1 d JV B CHM HMGL BL 34.5 69 9 Edens et al., 1976 2606 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 5 U FD 12 w 0 d JV F CHM CALC BL 0.111 67 10 Franson et al., 1983 2636 American kestrel (Falco sparverius ) 3 M FD 6 mo 1-6 yr AD B ENZ ALAD BL 2.52 71 11 Kendall and Scanlon, 1982 14770 Ringed Turtle Dove (Streptopelia risoria ) 4 U GV 7 d NR NR AD M ENZ ALAD BL 25.0 68 12 Hoffman et al, 1985 11651 American kestrel (Falco sparverius ) 4 U GV 10 d 1 d JV NR CHM HMGL BL 26.3 77 13 Edens and Melvin, 1989 2609 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 2 Behavior U FD 7 w 14 w JV F CHM CALC PL 93.1 66 14 Finley et al., 1976 2624 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos ) 4 M FD 12 w 1 yr AD M FDB FCNS WO 2.47 66 15 Edens and Garlich, 1983 2608 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 5 U FD 10 w NR NR AD F FDB FCNS WO 3.26 6.52 75 16 Damron et al, 1969 14768 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 4 U FD 4 w 4 w JV NR FDB FEFF WO 7.10 71.0 72 17 Pattec 1984 2809 American kestrel (Falco sparverius ) 3 M FD 6 mo 1 - 6 yr AD B FDB FCNS WO 12.0 75 18 Damron et al, 1969 14768 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 4 U FD 4 w 4 w JV NR FDB FEFF WO 61.4 123 74 19 Donaldson and McGowan, 1989 1285 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 5 U FD 20 d 1 d JV M FDB FEFF WO 163 68 20 Bafundo et al. 1984 2517 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 4 U FD 14 d 8 d JV M BEH FEFF WO 304 456 73 21 Edens and Garlich, 1983 2608 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 4 U FD 5 w 1 d JV F FDB FCNS WO 1.94 19.4 71 22 Barthalmus et al., 1977 2526 Pigeon (Columba livia ) 4 U GV 17 d NR NR AD M BEH NMVM WO 6.25 71 23 Stone and Soares, 1976 2898 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 3 U FD 32 d NR NR AD F FDB FCNS WO 64.3 68 24 Edens and Melvin, 1989 2609 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 2 U FD 7 w 14 w JV F FDB FCNS WO 93.1 69 25 Bafundo et al. 1984 2517 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 4 Physiology U FD 14 d 8 d JV M BEH FEFF WO 456 67 26 Edens and Garlich, 1983 2608 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 5 Pathology U FD 10 w NR NR AD F PHY SKIR FE 6.24 12.5 75 27 Finley et al., 1976 2624 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos ) 4 M FD 12 w 1 yr AD M GRS BDWT WO 2.33 66 28 Stone and Fox, 1984 6291 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 3 U FD 14 d 1 d JV B ORW ORWT LI 2.77 68 29 Stone et al., 1977 2897 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 2 U FD 2 w 1 d JV NR ORW SMIX KI 4.64 66 30 Edens and Garlich, 1983 2608 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 5 U FD 10 w NR NR AD F GRS BDWT WO 6.24 12.5 75 31 Edens et al., 1976 2606 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 5 U FD 12 w 0 d JV M ORW ORWT LI 11.89 119 75 32 Pattec 1984 2809 American kestrel (Falco sparverius ) 3 M FD 6 mo 1 - 6 yr AD B GRS BDWT WO 12.0 84 33 Franson et al., 1983 2636 American kestrel (Falco sparverius ) 3 M FD 6 mo 1-6 yr AD B ORW SMIX MT 14.1 70 34 Barthalmus et al., 1977 2526 Pigeon (Columba livia ) 4 U GV 55 d NR NR AD M GRS BDWT WO 12.5 25.0 77 35 Cory-Slechta et al., 1980 2576 Pigeon (Columba livia ) 4 U GV 35 d NR NR NR M ITX GITX WO 18.0 53.0 77 36 Hoffman et al., 1985 2696 American kestrel (Falco sparverius ) 4 U GV 10 d 1 d JV NR ORW ORWT BR 25.0 125 84 37 Morgan et al., 1975 2779 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 5 U FD 5 w 1 d JV M ORW SMIX AR 67.4 135 74 38 Kendall and Scanlon, 1982 14770 Ringed Turtle Dove (Streptopelia risoria ) 4 U GV 7 d NR NR AD M GRS BDWT WO 75.0 69 39 Edens and Melvin, 1989 2609 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 2 U FD 7 w 14 w JV F ORW SMIX FM 93.1 67 40 Edens, 1985 2605 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 5 U FD 12 w 1 w JV F ORW SMIX BR 118 68 41 Vengris and Mare, 1974 14384 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 7 U GV 35 d 6 w JV B ITX ANR WO 160 320 81 42 Rao et al., 1989 818 Duck (Anas platyrhynchos ) 2 U FD 12 w 7 mo JV F HIS GLBM KI 1.71 67 43 Rao et al. 1989 817 Duck (Anas platyrhynchos ) 2 U FD 13 w 7 mo JV F HIS GHIS KI 2.46 67 44 Anders et al., 1982 2513 Pigeon (Columba livia ) 2 U GV 5 w NR NR AD M HIS GHIS KI 6.25 68 45 Donaldson and McGowan, 1989 1285 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 5 U FD 20 d 1 d JV M ORW ORWT LI 38.2 67 46 Stone and Soares, 1976 2898 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 3 U FD 32 d NR NR AD F ORW SMIX LI 64.3 68 47 Cupo and Donaldson, 1987 2579 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 2 U FD 21 d 1 d JV M ORW ORWT AR 194 68 48 Johnsen and Damron 1982 2724 Goose (Anser cygnides ) 5 U FD 12 w 26 w JV NR HIS GHIS LI 196 68 49 Stone and Soares, 1976 2898 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 2 Reproduction U FD 27 d NR NR AD F ORW SMIX TB 377 68 50 Edens and Garlich, 1983 2608 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 4 U FD 5 w 6 w LB F REP PROG WO 0.194 1.94 77 51 Edens and Garlich, 1983 2608 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 3 U FD 4 w NR NR LB F REP PROG WO 1.63 3.26 79 52 Meluzzi et al., 1996 2771 Chicken (Gallus domesticus ) 4 U FD 30 d 22 w LB F EGG ALWT EG 2.69 4.04 81 53 Haegele et al. 1974 2668 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos ) 2 U FD 76 d NR NR SM F EGG ESTH EG 5.63 71 54 Pattec 1984 2809 American kestrel (Falco sparverius ) 3 M FD 6 mo 1-6 yr AD F REP RSUC WO 12.0 90 55 Morgan et al., 1975 2779 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 5 U FD 5 w 6 d JV M REP TEWT TE 12.6 126 78 56 Morgan et al., 1975 2779 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 5 U FD 5 w 1 d JV M REP TEWT TE 67.4 135 80 57 Stone and Soares, 1976 2898 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 3 U FD 32 d NR NR AD F REP PROG WO 125 67 58 Edens et al., 1976 2606 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) 5 U FD 12 w 0 d LB B REP EGPN EG 0.110 77 Eco-SSL for Lead March 2005 Method of Analyses Route of Exposure Exposure Duration Duration Units Age Age Units Lifestage Sex Effect Type Effect Measure Response Site NOAEL Dose (mg/kg bw/day) LOAEL Dose (mg/kg bw/day) Data Evaluation Score
Page 1 and 2: Ecological Soil Screening Levels fo
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Page 5 and 6: 1.0 INTRODUCTION Ecological Soil Sc
Page 7 and 8: Lead can interfere with the synthes
Page 9: Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Lea
Page 13 and 14: Within the reviewed papers, there a
Page 15 and 16: 6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
Page 17 and 18: Result # Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxici
Page 23 and 24: Surrogate Receptor Group Mammalian
Page 25 and 26: 7.0 REFERENCES 7.1 General Lead Ref
Page 27 and 28: Folsomia candida (Collembola). Ecot
Page 29 and 30: Accumulation of Lead (Pb) by Maize
Page 31 and 32: Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity
Page 33 and 34: Mix Descamps, M., Fabre, M. C., Gre
Page 35 and 36: Yoram, and Huang, Jianwei. 1997. Hy
Page 37 and 38: Und Einem Aquatischen Oekosystem. (
Page 39 and 40: No Dur Hopkin, S. P. and Martin, M.
Page 41 and 42: Contaminated by Lead and Zinc. Envi
Page 43 and 44: No Toxicant Kort, H. S., Schober, G
Page 45 and 46: Media Lee, K. C., Cunningham, B. A.
Page 47 and 48: Treated with Lead Arsenate. J Econ
Page 49 and 50: Mix Nakos, G. 1979. Lead Pollution:
Page 51 and 52: metal-contaminated alluvial soil. J
Page 53 and 54: and Lead Solutions. J.Environ.Sci.H
Page 55 and 56: Activity and Nitrate Assimilation i
Page 57 and 58: Fiziol.Rast.(Sofia) 14[3], 3-8 Rev
Page 59 and 60: Mix Weltje, L. 1998. Mixture Toxici
Page 61 and 62:
7.4 References Used in Deriving Wil
Page 63 and 64:
Clayton, LB, Kitchen, I, and Winder
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Escribano, A., Revilla, M., Hernand
Page 67 and 68:
Hasan, F., Cookman, G. R., Keane, G
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Kendall, RJ and Scanlon, PF. 1982.
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Mcmurry, S. T., Lochmiller, R. L.,
Page 73 and 74:
Prasada Rao, P. V. V. , Jordan, S.
Page 75 and 76:
Sokol, R. Z. 1987. Hormonal Effects
Page 77 and 78:
Yu, S. Y., Mizinga, K. M., Nonavina
Page 79 and 80:
No Oral Letter from smelter environ
Page 81 and 82:
No Control Allcroft, R. 1950. Lead
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Org Met Annau, Z. 1988. Organometal
Page 85 and 86:
Phys Bailey, C. and Kitchen, I. 198
Page 87 and 88:
Science. 50(4): 572-580. Fate Bebe,
Page 89 and 90:
Surv Beyer, W. N., Day, D., Morton,
Page 91 and 92:
Mix Bishop, Christine A., Boermans,
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permanent hippocampal damage in Fis
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FL Bukovjan, K., Hallmannova, A., K
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Bio Acc Burger, J. , Rodgers, J. A.
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with heavy metals on the mineral co
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No Oral Chowdhury, A. R. and Ravell
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Bio Acc Collins, MF, Hrdina, PD, Wh
Page 105 and 106:
Mix Cory Slechta, D. A., Pokora, M.
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chemical Agents. J Obstet Gynaecol
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25-39 Imm Descotes, J. R. Tedone, a
Page 111 and 112:
Bact Dolinsky, Z. S., Burright, R.
Page 113 and 114:
FL Dumas, P., Gueldry, D., Loireau,
Page 115 and 116:
Mix Elgerwi, A. Al-Fateh and Bires,
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Stain Figueiredo, B. C., Skup, M.,
Page 119 and 120:
No Dose Fowler, B. A., Kimmel, C. A
Page 121 and 122:
Mix Fullmer, C. S. 1995. Dietary ca
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Surv Getz, L. L., Best, L. B., and
Page 125 and 126:
Fate Govoni, S., Memo, M., Spano, P
Page 127 and 128:
Surv Guitart, R., To Figueras, J.,
Page 129 and 130:
Abstract Hanna, L., Peters, J. M.,
Page 131 and 132:
HHE Hemberg, S., Nikkanen, J, Melli
Page 133 and 134:
Surv Hillis, T. L. and Parker, G. H
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Pb Behav Hong, J. S., Tilson, H. A.
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FL Inouye, M. 1989. Teratology of h
Page 139 and 140:
HHE Janghorbani, M. and Young, V. R
Page 141 and 142:
Bio Acc Kaiser, T. E., Reichel, W.
Page 143 and 144:
Lead Shot Kendall, R. J. and Scanlo
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Drug Kitchen, I. and McDowell, J. 1
Page 147 and 148:
Unrel Kopp, S. J., Glonek, T., Erla
Page 149 and 150:
Abstract Krigman, MR, Butts, SA, Ho
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No Dose Lazareno, S and Nahorski, S
Page 153 and 154:
Prim Levin, E. D., Schneider, M. L.
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Lead Shot Longcore, J. R., Locke, L
Page 157 and 158:
Surv Maedgen, J. L, Hacker, C. S.,
Page 159 and 160:
No Dose Massaro, E. J. and Massaro,
Page 161 and 162:
No Oral McGowan, C. 1989. Influence
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CP Michaelson, I. A., Greenland, R.
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Lead Shot Moore, J. L., Hohman, W.
Page 167 and 168:
No Dose Munoz, C., Garbe, K., Lilie
Page 169 and 170:
Drug Nation, J. R., Dugger, L. M.,
Page 171 and 172:
cutanee induite par le laurylsulfat
Page 173 and 174:
Surv Ohlendorf, Harry M., Hothem, R
Page 175 and 176:
Surv Pain, D. J. 1989. Hematologica
Page 177 and 178:
Surv Peles, J. D. and Barrett, G. W
Page 179 and 180:
No COC Plus, R. 1992. A review of i
Page 181 and 182:
CP Rasile, D. A., Donovick, P. J.,
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Prim Rice, D. C. 1984. Behavioral D
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Aquatic Roper, J. M., Cherry, D. S.
Page 187 and 188:
Lead Shot Sanderson, G. C., Anderso
Page 189 and 190:
Unrel Schoemaker, N. J., Lumeij, J.
Page 191 and 192:
Bio Acc Sharma, Rp, Street, Jc, Shu
Page 193 and 194:
Challenge, and Influence of Treatme
Page 195 and 196:
Diss Spahn, S. A. 1997. Colonial Wa
Page 197 and 198:
Surv Stendell, R. C., Smith, R. I.,
Page 199 and 200:
No Oral Sundstrom, R., Conradi, N.
Page 201 and 202:
Mix Thawley, D. G., Willoughby, R.
Page 203 and 204:
Bio Acc Tsuzuki, Toshihumi, Kotani,
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No Dose Varma, M. M., Joshi, S. R.,
Page 207 and 208:
FL Vogt, H. and Nezel, K. 1976. The
Page 209 and 210:
Lead Shot Wayland, M. and Bollinger
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Species Williams, Phillip L. and Du
Page 213 and 214:
CP Woolley, D. E. and Woolley-efige
Page 215 and 216:
Surv Zechalko, A. 1979. Effect of N
Page 217 and 218:
Rejection Criteria Literature Rejec
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Ex
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% A
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