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numbers of earthworms at different depths. Vijnana Parishad Anusandhan Patrika 39[2], 79-83 FL Mochizuki, Takeo, Chiba, Shigeo, Hanada, Satoshi, and Saitoh, Hiroshi. 1975. Apple orchard soils contaminated by inorganic agricultural chemicals. I. Effects of the contents of residual copper, lead, and arsenate on the soil macrofauna on an apple orchard in the Tsugaru district of Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi 46[2], 45-50 No Dur Morgan, A. J. and Morris, B. 1982. The Accumulation And Intracellular Compartmentation Of Cadmium, Lead, Zinc And Calcium In 2 Earthworm Species (Dendrobaena rubida And Lumbricus rubellus) Living In Highly Contaminated Soil. Histochemistry 75[2], 269-286 Mix Morgan, J. E. and Morgan, A. J. 1988. Earthworms As Biological Monitors Of Cadmium Copper Lead And Zinc In Metalliferous Soils. Environ Pollut 54[2], 123-138 OM Morgan, J. E. and Morgan, A. J. 1988. Calcium-Lead Interactions Involving Earthworms. Part 1: The Effect of Exogenous Calcium on Lead Accumulation by Earthworms Under Field and Laboratory Conditions. Environ.Pollut 54[1], 41-53 Media Morgan, J. E. and Morgan, A. J. 1988. Calcium-Lead Interactions Involving Earthworms. II. The Effect of Accumulated Lead on Endogenous Calcium in Lumbricus rubellus. Environ Pollut 55[1], 41-54 No Dur Morgan, J. E. and Morgan, A. J. 1989. The Effect Of Lead Incorporation On The Elemental Composition Of Earthworm (Annelida, Oligochaeta) Chloragosome Granules. Histochemistry 92[3], 237-241 No Dur Morgan, J. E. and Morgan, A. J. 1990. The Distribution Of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Zinc And Calcium In The Tissues Of The Earthworm Lumbricus Rubellus Sampled From One Uncontaminated And Four Polluted Soils. Oecologia 84[4], 559-566 Mix Morgan, J. E. and Morgan, A. J. 1993. Seasonal Changes In The Tissue-Metal (Cadmium, Zinc, And Lead) Concentrations In Two Ecophysiologically Dissimilar Earthworm Species: Pollution- Monitoring Implications. Environ Pollut 82[1], 1-7 No Dur Morris, B. and Morgan, A. J. 1986. Calcium-Lead Interactions In Earthworms Observations On Lumbricus-Terrestris Sampled From A Calcareous Abandoned Lead Mine Site. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 37[2], 226-233 No Control Mosbaek, Hans, Tjell, J. C., and Hovmand, Mads F. 1989. Atmospheric lead input to agricultural crops in Denmark. Chemosphere 19[10/11], 1787-1799 No Dose Motto, H. L., Daines, R. H., Chilko, D. M., and Motto, C. K. 1970. Lead in Soils and Plants: Its Relationship to Traffic Volume and Proximity to Highways. Environ Sci & Technol 4, 231-238 Media Mukherji, S. and Maitra, P. 1976. Toxic Effects of Lead on Growth & Metabolism of Germinating Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seeds & on Mitosis of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Root Tip Cells. Ind.J.Exp.Biol. 14, 519-521 Mix Mungur, A. S., Shutes, R. B. E., Revitt, D. M., House, M. A., and Haberl, R. 1997. An Assessment Of Metal Removal By A Laboratory Scale Wetland. 35[5], 125-133 No Dur Muskett, C. J. and Jones, M. P. 1980. The dispersal of lead cadmium and nickel from motor vehicles and effects on roadside invertebrate macro fauna. Environ Pollut Ser A Ecol Biol 23[3], 231-242 Eco-SSL for Lead 43 March 2005
Mix Nakos, G. 1979. Lead Pollution: Fate of Lead in the Soil and Its Effect on Pinus halepensis. Plant Soil 53, 427-443 Mix Nan, Z. R., Zhao, C. Y., Li, J. J., Chen, F. H., and Liu, Y. 1999. Field survey of cd and pb contents in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) Grain grown in baiyin city, gansu province, people's republic of china. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 63[4], 546-552 Rev Natural Research Council of Canada. 1973. Lead in the Canadian Environment. NRCC 13682, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada , 116 Rev Neathery, M. W. and Miller, W. J. 1975. Metabolism and Toxicity of Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead in Animals: A Review. J Dairy Sci 58[12], 1767-1781 FL Neite, H., Wittig, R., and Kuttler (Ed.), W. 1989. Lead and Zinc Contents in Soil and Plants of Beech Forests from North Rhine-westphalia (Blei-und Zinkgehalte in Boden und Pflanzen einiger Buchenwalder Nordrhein-Westfalens). Verh.Ges.Oekol. 18, 425-429 Media Neto, M. M. P. M. and DeVarennes, A. 1993. Determination of Lead in White Lupin by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry. In: M.A.C.Fragoso and M.L.Van Beusichem (Eds.), Optimization of Plant Nutrition, Kluwer Acad.Publ., Netherlands , 19-23 Media Neuhauser, E. F., Malecki, M. R., and Loehr, R. C. 1983. Methods Using Earthworms for the Evalution of Potentially toxic Materials in Siols. In: R.A.Conway and W.P.Gulledge (Eds.), Hazardous and Industrial Solid Waste Testing, Volume 2, ASTM STP 805, Philadelphia, PA , 313-320 OM, pH Neuhauser, E. F., Malecki, M. R., and Loehr, R. C. 1984. Growth and Reproduction of the Earthworm Eisenia fetida After Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Metals. Pedobiologia 27, 89-97 Media Ngu, M., Moya, E., and Magan, N. 1998. Tolerance and uptake of cadmium, arsenic and lead by Fusarium pathogens of cereals. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 42[1], 55-62 Score Nicholas, D. J. D. 1950. Some Effects of Metals in Excess on Crop Plants Grown in Soil Culture. I. Effects of Copper, Zinc, Lead, Cobalt, Nickel and Manganese on Tomato Grown in an Acid Soil. Bristol Agric.Hortic.Res.Stn.Annu.Rep.1950 , 96-108 OM Nicklow, C. W., Comaws-Haezelbrouck, P. H., and Feder, W. A. 1983. Influence of Varying Soil Lead Levels on Lead Uptake by Leafy and Root Vegetables. J.Am.Soc.Hortic.Sci. 108[2], 193-195 FL Noack, Gritli and Breckle, Siegmar Walter. 1989. Effect of lead on the root development of beech seedlings in a Rhizotron. Verh.- Ges.Oekol. 17, 563-566 OM, pH Noweir, K. H. 1990. Study Of The Role Of Airborne Lead In Food Chain Of Crops Grown Around A Main Highway In Egypt. J-Egypt-Public-Health-Assoc; 65[3/4], 427-435 FL Nuess, D. 1993. Outdoor Experiments With Monitor-Systems: Effects Of Acid Rain, Liming And Heavy Metals On Decomposition And Collembola. Zoologische Beitraege 35[2], 121-183 FL Nustorova, M. and Plugchieva, M. 1991. The influence of lead upon the development of soil microflora. Nauka Gorata 28[2], 46-50 Mix Nwosu, J. U., Harding, A. K., and Linder, G. 1995. Cadmium and lead uptake by edible crops grown in a silt loam soil. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology. 54[4], 570- 578 Eco-SSL for Lead 44 March 2005
Page 1 and 2: Ecological Soil Screening Levels fo
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Page 5 and 6: 1.0 INTRODUCTION Ecological Soil Sc
Page 7 and 8: Lead can interfere with the synthes
Page 9 and 10: Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Lea
Page 11 and 12: Result # Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity D
Page 13 and 14: Within the reviewed papers, there a
Page 15 and 16: 6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
Page 17 and 18: Result # Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxici
Page 23 and 24: Surrogate Receptor Group Mammalian
Page 25 and 26: 7.0 REFERENCES 7.1 General Lead Ref
Page 27 and 28: Folsomia candida (Collembola). Ecot
Page 29 and 30: Accumulation of Lead (Pb) by Maize
Page 31 and 32: Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity
Page 33 and 34: Mix Descamps, M., Fabre, M. C., Gre
Page 35 and 36: Yoram, and Huang, Jianwei. 1997. Hy
Page 37 and 38: Und Einem Aquatischen Oekosystem. (
Page 39 and 40: No Dur Hopkin, S. P. and Martin, M.
Page 41 and 42: Contaminated by Lead and Zinc. Envi
Page 43 and 44: No Toxicant Kort, H. S., Schober, G
Page 45 and 46: Media Lee, K. C., Cunningham, B. A.
Page 47: Treated with Lead Arsenate. J Econ
Page 51 and 52: metal-contaminated alluvial soil. J
Page 53 and 54: and Lead Solutions. J.Environ.Sci.H
Page 55 and 56: Activity and Nitrate Assimilation i
Page 57 and 58: Fiziol.Rast.(Sofia) 14[3], 3-8 Rev
Page 59 and 60: Mix Weltje, L. 1998. Mixture Toxici
Page 61 and 62: 7.4 References Used in Deriving Wil
Page 63 and 64: Clayton, LB, Kitchen, I, and Winder
Page 65 and 66: Escribano, A., Revilla, M., Hernand
Page 67 and 68: Hasan, F., Cookman, G. R., Keane, G
Page 69 and 70: Kendall, RJ and Scanlon, PF. 1982.
Page 71 and 72: Mcmurry, S. T., Lochmiller, R. L.,
Page 73 and 74: Prasada Rao, P. V. V. , Jordan, S.
Page 75 and 76: Sokol, R. Z. 1987. Hormonal Effects
Page 77 and 78: Yu, S. Y., Mizinga, K. M., Nonavina
Page 79 and 80: No Oral Letter from smelter environ
Page 81 and 82: No Control Allcroft, R. 1950. Lead
Page 83 and 84: Org Met Annau, Z. 1988. Organometal
Page 85 and 86: Phys Bailey, C. and Kitchen, I. 198
Page 87 and 88: Science. 50(4): 572-580. Fate Bebe,
Page 89 and 90: Surv Beyer, W. N., Day, D., Morton,
Page 91 and 92: Mix Bishop, Christine A., Boermans,
Page 93 and 94: permanent hippocampal damage in Fis
Page 95 and 96: FL Bukovjan, K., Hallmannova, A., K
Page 97 and 98: Bio Acc Burger, J. , Rodgers, J. A.
Page 99 and 100:
with heavy metals on the mineral co
Page 101 and 102:
No Oral Chowdhury, A. R. and Ravell
Page 103 and 104:
Bio Acc Collins, MF, Hrdina, PD, Wh
Page 105 and 106:
Mix Cory Slechta, D. A., Pokora, M.
Page 107 and 108:
chemical Agents. J Obstet Gynaecol
Page 109 and 110:
25-39 Imm Descotes, J. R. Tedone, a
Page 111 and 112:
Bact Dolinsky, Z. S., Burright, R.
Page 113 and 114:
FL Dumas, P., Gueldry, D., Loireau,
Page 115 and 116:
Mix Elgerwi, A. Al-Fateh and Bires,
Page 117 and 118:
Stain Figueiredo, B. C., Skup, M.,
Page 119 and 120:
No Dose Fowler, B. A., Kimmel, C. A
Page 121 and 122:
Mix Fullmer, C. S. 1995. Dietary ca
Page 123 and 124:
Surv Getz, L. L., Best, L. B., and
Page 125 and 126:
Fate Govoni, S., Memo, M., Spano, P
Page 127 and 128:
Surv Guitart, R., To Figueras, J.,
Page 129 and 130:
Abstract Hanna, L., Peters, J. M.,
Page 131 and 132:
HHE Hemberg, S., Nikkanen, J, Melli
Page 133 and 134:
Surv Hillis, T. L. and Parker, G. H
Page 135 and 136:
Pb Behav Hong, J. S., Tilson, H. A.
Page 137 and 138:
FL Inouye, M. 1989. Teratology of h
Page 139 and 140:
HHE Janghorbani, M. and Young, V. R
Page 141 and 142:
Bio Acc Kaiser, T. E., Reichel, W.
Page 143 and 144:
Lead Shot Kendall, R. J. and Scanlo
Page 145 and 146:
Drug Kitchen, I. and McDowell, J. 1
Page 147 and 148:
Unrel Kopp, S. J., Glonek, T., Erla
Page 149 and 150:
Abstract Krigman, MR, Butts, SA, Ho
Page 151 and 152:
No Dose Lazareno, S and Nahorski, S
Page 153 and 154:
Prim Levin, E. D., Schneider, M. L.
Page 155 and 156:
Lead Shot Longcore, J. R., Locke, L
Page 157 and 158:
Surv Maedgen, J. L, Hacker, C. S.,
Page 159 and 160:
No Dose Massaro, E. J. and Massaro,
Page 161 and 162:
No Oral McGowan, C. 1989. Influence
Page 163 and 164:
CP Michaelson, I. A., Greenland, R.
Page 165 and 166:
Lead Shot Moore, J. L., Hohman, W.
Page 167 and 168:
No Dose Munoz, C., Garbe, K., Lilie
Page 169 and 170:
Drug Nation, J. R., Dugger, L. M.,
Page 171 and 172:
cutanee induite par le laurylsulfat
Page 173 and 174:
Surv Ohlendorf, Harry M., Hothem, R
Page 175 and 176:
Surv Pain, D. J. 1989. Hematologica
Page 177 and 178:
Surv Peles, J. D. and Barrett, G. W
Page 179 and 180:
No COC Plus, R. 1992. A review of i
Page 181 and 182:
CP Rasile, D. A., Donovick, P. J.,
Page 183 and 184:
Prim Rice, D. C. 1984. Behavioral D
Page 185 and 186:
Aquatic Roper, J. M., Cherry, D. S.
Page 187 and 188:
Lead Shot Sanderson, G. C., Anderso
Page 189 and 190:
Unrel Schoemaker, N. J., Lumeij, J.
Page 191 and 192:
Bio Acc Sharma, Rp, Street, Jc, Shu
Page 193 and 194:
Challenge, and Influence of Treatme
Page 195 and 196:
Diss Spahn, S. A. 1997. Colonial Wa
Page 197 and 198:
Surv Stendell, R. C., Smith, R. I.,
Page 199 and 200:
No Oral Sundstrom, R., Conradi, N.
Page 201 and 202:
Mix Thawley, D. G., Willoughby, R.
Page 203 and 204:
Bio Acc Tsuzuki, Toshihumi, Kotani,
Page 205 and 206:
No Dose Varma, M. M., Joshi, S. R.,
Page 207 and 208:
FL Vogt, H. and Nezel, K. 1976. The
Page 209 and 210:
Lead Shot Wayland, M. and Bollinger
Page 211 and 212:
Species Williams, Phillip L. and Du
Page 213 and 214:
CP Woolley, D. E. and Woolley-efige
Page 215 and 216:
Surv Zechalko, A. 1979. Effect of N
Page 217 and 218:
Rejection Criteria Literature Rejec
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Ex
Page 225 and 226:
Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
Page 227:
Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% A
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