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FL Vimercati, F., Ambrosi, L., Di Nunno, C., and De Stasio, G. 1970. [Histochemical Behavior of Lactate Dehydrogenase, Succinate Dehydrogenase and Alkaline Phosphatase of the Kidney in Experimental Saturnism]: Comportamento Istochimico Della Lattico-deidrogenasi, Della Succino-deidrogenasi E Della Fosfatasi Alcalina Del Rene in Corso Di Saturnismo Sperimentale. Med Lav. 61(3): 154-61. Rev Vincent, A. L., Rodrick, G. E., and Sodeman, W. A. Jr. 1979. The Pathology of the Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones Unguiculatus): a Review. Lab Anim Sci. 29(5): 645-51. Rev Vistica, D. T. and Ahrens, F. A. 1977. Microvascular Effects of Lead in the Neonatal Rat. Part 2. An Ultrastructural Study. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 26(1): 139-154. FL Viuf, B. T. 1992. Report, 4: Department of Chemical Analyses (Additives and Undesirable Substances). 4: Meddelelser Fra Kemisk Afdeling. Plantedirektoratets Beretning. Foder, Goedning, Voksemedier, Ef-stoetteordninger. (No.1) P. 59-79 Mix Vodela, J. K., Lenz, S. D., Renden, J. A., and Kemppainen, B. W. Reproductive Performance Altered by Chemical Mixture. Toxicologist 1996 Mar;30(1 Pt 2):192 Mix Vodela, J. K., Lenz, S. D., Renden, J. A., Mcelhenney, W. H., and Kemppainen, B. W. 1997. Drinking Water Contaminants (Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Benzene, and Trichloroethylene): 2. Effects on Reproductive Performance, Egg Quality, and Embryo Toxicity in Broiler Breeders. Poultry Science. 76(11): 1493-1500. Mix Vodela, J. K., Renden, J. A., Lenz, S. D., Mcelhenney, W. H., and Kemppainen, B. W. 1997. Drinking Water Contaminants (Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Benzene, and Trichloroethylene): 1. Interaction of Contaminants with Nutritional Status on General Performance and Immune Function in Broiler Chickens. Poultry Science. 76(11): 1474-1492. FL Vodichenska, T. S. 1992. [The Effect of Chronic Combined Exposure to Nickel and Lead on the Enzymatic Indices in Body Uptake with the Drinking Water]. Vliianie Na Khronichnoto Kombinirano Vuzdeistvie S Nikel I Olovo Vurkhu Niakoi Enzimni Pokazateli Pri Postupvaneto Im V Organizm S Piteinite Vodi. Problemi Na Khigienata 17: 48-56. FL Vodichenska, T. S. 1991. [Experimental Data on the Biological Effect of Nickel and Lead Contained in the Drinking Water Acting in Combination]. Eksperimentalni Danni Za Biologichniia Efekt Na Nikela I Olovoto, Sudurzhashti Se V Piteinite Vodi, Pri Kombinirano Deistvie. Problemi Na Khigienata 16: 24-33. FL Vodichenska, T. S. 1986. [Toxic Action of Nickel When Taken up by the Body from the Drinking Water]. Vurkhu Niakoi Strani Ot Toksichnoto Deistvie Na Nikela Pri Postupvaneto Mu V Organizma S Piteinite Vody. Problemi Na Khigienata 11: 14-24. FL Vodichenska, T. S. and Budeva, B. 1993. [An Experimental Study of the Atherogenic Effect of the Vanadium and Nickel Contained in Drinking Water When Combined]. Eksperimentalno Prouchvane Vurkhu Aterogenniia Efekt Na Vanadiia I Nikela, Sudurzhashti Se V Piteinite Vodi, Pri Kombinirano Deistvie. Problemi Na Khigienata 18: 50-62. FL Vodichenska, T. S. S. and Dinoeva, S. K. 1980. [Lead Content in the Water Reservoirs and its Effect on the Development of Experimental Arteriosclerosis]: Soderzhanie Svintsa V Vodoistochnikakh I Ego Vliianie Na Razvitie Eksperimental'nogo Ateroskleroza. Gig Sanit.(11): 69-72. Eco-SSL for Lead 201 March 2005
FL Vogt, H. and Nezel, K. 1976. The Effect of Various Levels of Lead in Broiler- and Layingrations on the Performance of the Birds and on Residues in Tissues and Eggs. Communication I. The Effect of Various Levels of Lead on the Performance of the Birds. Arch. Gefluegelkd. 40(4): 124-30. Abstract Vogt, H., Nezel, K., and Matthes, S. 1976. The Effect of Various Levels of Lead and Cadmium in Broiler and Laying Rations on the Performance of the Birds and on the Residues in Tissues and Eggs. Nutr Metab. 20(3): 205. FL Volmer, K., Doell, G., and Herzog, A. Determination of Various Elements in the Foot Horn of the Mouflon Ovis-ammon-musimon with Healthy and Fully-grown Feet. Zeitschrift Fuer Jagdwissenschaft. 31 (3). 1985. 140-146. FL Votyakov, A. V. and Krasovskii, G. N. Activity of .Beta.-galactosidase in Seminal Fluid and Gonad Tissue as a Biochemical Criterion of Gonadotoxic Effects of Chemical Substances. Gig. Sanit. (1989) (3): 62-3. Abstract Vreman, K. and De Ruig W G. Supplementation of Diet with Arsenic Lead Cadmium and Mercury in Lactating Dairy Cows and Young Fattening Bulls Appearance of Various Heavy Metals in Various Edible Tissues. 34th Convention of the Society for the Nutritional Physiology of Domestic Animals, Goettingen, West Germany, March 12-14, 1980. Z Tierphysiol Tierernaehr Futtermittelk. 44 (1). 1980. 10-11. FL Vreman, K. and Ruig, W. G. De. 1980. Supplements of Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium and Mercury for Lactating Dairycows and Young Fattening Bulls. The Transfer (Of the Heavy Metals) Todifferent Edible Tissues. Zeitschrift Fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung Und Futtermittelkunde 44(1): 10-11. Mix Vreman, K., Van Der Veen, N. G., Van Der Molen, E. J., and De Ruig, W. G. 1986. Transfer of Cadmium Lead Mercury and Arsenic from Feed into Milk and Various Tissues of Dairy Cows Chemical and Pathological Data. Neth J Agric Sci. 34(2): 129-144. Diss Vreman, K. and Veen, N. G. Van Der. 1981. Carry-over of Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Arsenic from Animal Feed Toedible Products of Fattening Lambs. rapport, Instituut Voor Veevoedingsonderzoek "Hoorn". (136): 17 Pp. Mix Vyaizenen, G. and Budyanu, I. 1995. Sapropel During Finishing (Of Pigs). Svinovodstvo (Moskva) (5): 5-7. Mix Vyaizenen, G., Savin, V., Tokar', A., Gulyaev, V., Zinkevich, V., Kuznetsova, I., Chugunova, Yu., Nikitina, Yu., Fedotov, A., and Marinets, R. 1997. Reduction of the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Pork. Svinovodstvo (Moskva) (1): 18-22. Unrel Vyaizenen, G. N., Tokar', A. I., Gulyaev, V. A, Marinets, R. M., and Struchkov, A. A. 1998. Conifer Extract for Obtaining Ecologically Clean Product. Kormoproizvodstvo (1): 28-29. Lead Shot Vyas, N. B., Spann, J. W., and et Al. Lead Poisoning of Passerines at a Trap and Skeet Range. Environmental Pollution. 107: 159-166. No Dose Vyskocil, A., Cizkova, M., and Tejnorova, I. 1995. Effect of Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Lead on Kidney Function in Male and Female Rats. J. Appl. Toxicol. 15(4): 327-328. Eco-SSL for Lead 202 March 2005
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Ecological Soil Screening Levels fo
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Ecological Soil Sc
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Lead can interfere with the synthes
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Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Lea
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Result # Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity D
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Within the reviewed papers, there a
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6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
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Result # Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxici
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Surrogate Receptor Group Mammalian
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7.0 REFERENCES 7.1 General Lead Ref
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Folsomia candida (Collembola). Ecot
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Accumulation of Lead (Pb) by Maize
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Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity
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Mix Descamps, M., Fabre, M. C., Gre
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Yoram, and Huang, Jianwei. 1997. Hy
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Und Einem Aquatischen Oekosystem. (
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No Dur Hopkin, S. P. and Martin, M.
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Contaminated by Lead and Zinc. Envi
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No Toxicant Kort, H. S., Schober, G
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Media Lee, K. C., Cunningham, B. A.
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Treated with Lead Arsenate. J Econ
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Mix Nakos, G. 1979. Lead Pollution:
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metal-contaminated alluvial soil. J
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and Lead Solutions. J.Environ.Sci.H
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Activity and Nitrate Assimilation i
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Fiziol.Rast.(Sofia) 14[3], 3-8 Rev
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Mix Weltje, L. 1998. Mixture Toxici
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7.4 References Used in Deriving Wil
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Clayton, LB, Kitchen, I, and Winder
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Escribano, A., Revilla, M., Hernand
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Hasan, F., Cookman, G. R., Keane, G
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Kendall, RJ and Scanlon, PF. 1982.
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Mcmurry, S. T., Lochmiller, R. L.,
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Prasada Rao, P. V. V. , Jordan, S.
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Sokol, R. Z. 1987. Hormonal Effects
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Yu, S. Y., Mizinga, K. M., Nonavina
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No Oral Letter from smelter environ
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No Control Allcroft, R. 1950. Lead
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Org Met Annau, Z. 1988. Organometal
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Phys Bailey, C. and Kitchen, I. 198
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Science. 50(4): 572-580. Fate Bebe,
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Surv Beyer, W. N., Day, D., Morton,
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Mix Bishop, Christine A., Boermans,
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permanent hippocampal damage in Fis
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FL Bukovjan, K., Hallmannova, A., K
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Bio Acc Burger, J. , Rodgers, J. A.
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with heavy metals on the mineral co
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No Oral Chowdhury, A. R. and Ravell
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Bio Acc Collins, MF, Hrdina, PD, Wh
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Mix Cory Slechta, D. A., Pokora, M.
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chemical Agents. J Obstet Gynaecol
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25-39 Imm Descotes, J. R. Tedone, a
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Bact Dolinsky, Z. S., Burright, R.
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FL Dumas, P., Gueldry, D., Loireau,
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Mix Elgerwi, A. Al-Fateh and Bires,
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Stain Figueiredo, B. C., Skup, M.,
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No Dose Fowler, B. A., Kimmel, C. A
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Mix Fullmer, C. S. 1995. Dietary ca
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Surv Getz, L. L., Best, L. B., and
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Fate Govoni, S., Memo, M., Spano, P
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Surv Guitart, R., To Figueras, J.,
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Abstract Hanna, L., Peters, J. M.,
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HHE Hemberg, S., Nikkanen, J, Melli
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Surv Hillis, T. L. and Parker, G. H
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Pb Behav Hong, J. S., Tilson, H. A.
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FL Inouye, M. 1989. Teratology of h
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HHE Janghorbani, M. and Young, V. R
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Bio Acc Kaiser, T. E., Reichel, W.
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Lead Shot Kendall, R. J. and Scanlo
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Drug Kitchen, I. and McDowell, J. 1
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Unrel Kopp, S. J., Glonek, T., Erla
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Abstract Krigman, MR, Butts, SA, Ho
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No Dose Lazareno, S and Nahorski, S
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Prim Levin, E. D., Schneider, M. L.
Page 155 and 156: Lead Shot Longcore, J. R., Locke, L
Page 157 and 158: Surv Maedgen, J. L, Hacker, C. S.,
Page 159 and 160: No Dose Massaro, E. J. and Massaro,
Page 161 and 162: No Oral McGowan, C. 1989. Influence
Page 163 and 164: CP Michaelson, I. A., Greenland, R.
Page 165 and 166: Lead Shot Moore, J. L., Hohman, W.
Page 167 and 168: No Dose Munoz, C., Garbe, K., Lilie
Page 169 and 170: Drug Nation, J. R., Dugger, L. M.,
Page 171 and 172: cutanee induite par le laurylsulfat
Page 173 and 174: Surv Ohlendorf, Harry M., Hothem, R
Page 175 and 176: Surv Pain, D. J. 1989. Hematologica
Page 177 and 178: Surv Peles, J. D. and Barrett, G. W
Page 179 and 180: No COC Plus, R. 1992. A review of i
Page 181 and 182: CP Rasile, D. A., Donovick, P. J.,
Page 183 and 184: Prim Rice, D. C. 1984. Behavioral D
Page 185 and 186: Aquatic Roper, J. M., Cherry, D. S.
Page 187 and 188: Lead Shot Sanderson, G. C., Anderso
Page 189 and 190: Unrel Schoemaker, N. J., Lumeij, J.
Page 191 and 192: Bio Acc Sharma, Rp, Street, Jc, Shu
Page 193 and 194: Challenge, and Influence of Treatme
Page 195 and 196: Diss Spahn, S. A. 1997. Colonial Wa
Page 197 and 198: Surv Stendell, R. C., Smith, R. I.,
Page 199 and 200: No Oral Sundstrom, R., Conradi, N.
Page 201 and 202: Mix Thawley, D. G., Willoughby, R.
Page 203 and 204: Bio Acc Tsuzuki, Toshihumi, Kotani,
Page 205: No Dose Varma, M. M., Joshi, S. R.,
Page 209 and 210: Lead Shot Wayland, M. and Bollinger
Page 211 and 212: Species Williams, Phillip L. and Du
Page 213 and 214: CP Woolley, D. E. and Woolley-efige
Page 215 and 216: Surv Zechalko, A. 1979. Effect of N
Page 217 and 218: Rejection Criteria Literature Rejec
Page 223 and 224: Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Ex
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