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Nut Def Saxena, D. K., Murthy, R. C., Lal, B., and Chandra, S. V. 1989. Lead Induced Testicular Changes in Protein Malnourished Rats. Folia Histochem. Cytobiol. 27(1): 57-61. Surv Scanlon, P. F., Kendall, R. J., Lochmiller, R. L. Ii, and Kirkpatrick, R. L. 1983. Lead Concentrations in Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) from 2 Virginia (Usa) Orchards. Environ Pollut.ser.b Chem.phys. 6(2): 157-160. FL Schaeffer, N., Mertel, A., and Rost, R. 1991. Breeding Density, Breeding Success and Egg and Nestling Losses in the Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius Funereus in Northeast Bavaria. Vogelwelt. 112(6): P216-225. Rev Scheuhammer, A. M. 1989.: 3-15. Rev Scheuhammer, A. M. 1987. The Chronic Toxicity of Aluminum Cadmium Mercury and Lead in Birds a Review. Environ Pollut. 46(4): P263-296. Mix Scheuhammer, A. M. 1996. Influence of Reduced Dietary Calcium on the Accumulation and Effects of Lead, Cadmium, and Aluminum in Birds. Environmental Pollution. 94(3): 337-343. Unrel Scheuhammer, A. M. and Dickson, K. M. 1996. Patterns of Environmental Lead Exposure in Waterfowl in Eastern Canada. Ambio. 25(1): 14-20. Lead Shot Scheuhammer, A. M. and Norris, S. L. 1996. The Ecotoxicology of Lead Shot and Lead Fishing Weights. Ecotoxicology 5(5): 279-295. Surv Scheuhammer, A. M., Rogers, C. A., and Bond, D. 1999. Elevated Lead Exposure in American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) in Eastern Canada. Arch Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 36(3): 334- 340. Surv Schlesinger W and Potter G. 1974. Lead, Copper, and Cadmium Concentrations in Small Mammals in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Oikos. 25: 148-152. No Oral Schlick E, Mengel K, and Friedberg, K. 1983. The Effect of Low Lead Doses in Vitro and in Vivo on the D -Ala D Acitivity of Erythrocytes, Bone Marrow Cell, Liver and Brain of the Mouse. Arch. Toxicol. 53: 193-205. CP Schlipkoeter, H. W. and Winneke, G. 1980.behavioral Studies on the Effects of Ingested Lead on the Developing Central Nervous System of Rats FL Schmidt, Heinz, Klein, Jochen, and Kotter, Ludwig. 1986. Analysis of Hares and Free Living Rabbits to Compile a Geographical Register for the Effects of Toxic Metals. Fleischwirtschaft. 66(10): 1526-9. Org Met Schmidt, J. C. and Czech, D. A. 1977. Effect of Tetraethyl Lead and Restricted Food Intake on Locomotor Activity in the Rat. Pharmacol., Biochem. Behav. 7(6): 489-92. Surv Schmitt, N, Brown, G, Devlin, El, Larsen, Aa, Mccausland, Ed, and Saville, Jm. 1971. Lead Poisoning in Horses: an Environmental Health Hazard. Arch. Environ. Health. 23: 185-195. Gene Schmitt, T. J., Zawia, N., and Harry, G. J. 1996. Gap-43 Mrna Expression in the Developing Rat Brain: Alterations Following Lead-acetate Exposure. Neurotoxicology. 17(2): 407-14. Surv Schmitz R A, Aguirre a A, Cook R S, and Baldassarre G A. 1990. Lead Poisoning of Caribbean Flamingos in Yucatan, Mexico. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 18(4): 399-404. Eco-SSL for Lead 183 March 2005
Unrel Schoemaker, N. J., Lumeij, J. T., Dorrestein, G. M., and Beynen, A. C. 1999. Diet-related Problems in Pet Birds. Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde 124(2): 39-43. FL Schoemaker, N. J., Lumeij, J. T., Dorrestein, G. M., and Beynen, A. C. 1999. [Nutrition-related Problems in Pet Birds]. Voedingsgerelateerde Problemen Bij Gezelschapsvogels. Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde 124(2): 39-43. Bio Acc Schoof, R. A., Butcher, M. K., Sellstone, C., Ball, R. W., Fricke, J. R., Keller, V., and Keehn, B. 1995. An Assessment of Lead Absorption from Soil Affected by Smelter Emissions. Environmental Geochemistry.and Health. 17(4): 189-199. FL Schraishuhn, J. 1989.[Light and Eletron Microscopic Examinations of Calf Kidneys after Loading with Subtoxic Amounts of Lead and Cadmium]: Licht- Und Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen von Kaelbernieren Nach Belastung Mit Subtoxischen Blei- Und Cadmiummengen No COC Schroeder, H. A., Nason, A. P., and Balassa, J. J. 1967. Trace Metals in Rat Tissues as Influenced by Calcium in Water. Journal of Nutrition 93(3): 331-6. Org Met Schroeder, T., Avery, D. D., and Cross, H. A. 1972. Tetraethyl Lead Dose Response Curve for Mortality in Laboratory Rats. Experientia. 28(8): 923-4. Dup Schroeder, HA, Balassa, JJ, and Vinton, WH Jr. 1965. Chromium, cadmium and lead in rats: Effects on life span, tumors and tissue levels. J. Nutr. 86: 51. Rev Schubert, J. 1973. Heavy Metals--toxicity and Environmental Pollution. Adv Exp Med Biol. 40: 239-97. CP Schumacher, C. P. and Windebank, A. J. 1994. Growth Factor Role in Prevention of Metalinduced Neurotoxicity. 46th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology Diss Schumann, A. M. 1977.the Effects of Inorganic Lead on the Central Catecholaminergic System of the Rodent with Emphasis on Postnatally Exposed Rats and Mice : 163. Lead Shot Schwab, D. Sr. and Padgett, T. M. 1988. Lead Poisoning in a Free Ranging Pekin Duck (Anas platyrhynchos ) from Chesapeake, Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 39(4): 412-413. HHE Schwartz, J. and Otto, D. 1991. Lead and Minor Hearing Impairment. Arch.environ Health. 46(5): 300-305. Chem Meth Schweisthal, M. R., Frost, C. C., and Brinn, J. E. 1975. Stains for A, B, and D Cells in Fetal Rat Islets. Stain Technology 50(3): 161-70. Bio Acc Sears, J. 1988. Assessment of Body Condition in Live Birds Measurements of Protein and Fat Reserves in the Mute Swan Cygnus-olor. J Zool (Lond). 216(2): 295-308. Ecol Sears, J. 1986. Mute Swans in the Thames Valley. Runnymede Ringing Group Report. 36-37. Lead Shot Sears, J. 1989. A Review of Lead Poisoning among the River Thames England Uk Mute Swan Cygnus-olor Population. Wildfowl. 0(40): 151-152. Dead Sears, J. and Hunt, A. 1991. Lead Poisoning in Mute Swans, Cygnus Olor, in England. Wildfowl Supplement.: 383-388. Eco-SSL for Lead 184 March 2005
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Ecological Soil Screening Levels fo
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Ecological Soil Sc
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Lead can interfere with the synthes
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Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Lea
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Result # Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity D
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Within the reviewed papers, there a
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6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
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Result # Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxici
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Surrogate Receptor Group Mammalian
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7.0 REFERENCES 7.1 General Lead Ref
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Folsomia candida (Collembola). Ecot
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Accumulation of Lead (Pb) by Maize
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Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity
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Mix Descamps, M., Fabre, M. C., Gre
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Yoram, and Huang, Jianwei. 1997. Hy
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Und Einem Aquatischen Oekosystem. (
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No Dur Hopkin, S. P. and Martin, M.
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Contaminated by Lead and Zinc. Envi
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No Toxicant Kort, H. S., Schober, G
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Media Lee, K. C., Cunningham, B. A.
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Treated with Lead Arsenate. J Econ
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Mix Nakos, G. 1979. Lead Pollution:
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metal-contaminated alluvial soil. J
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and Lead Solutions. J.Environ.Sci.H
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Activity and Nitrate Assimilation i
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Fiziol.Rast.(Sofia) 14[3], 3-8 Rev
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Mix Weltje, L. 1998. Mixture Toxici
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7.4 References Used in Deriving Wil
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Clayton, LB, Kitchen, I, and Winder
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Escribano, A., Revilla, M., Hernand
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Hasan, F., Cookman, G. R., Keane, G
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Kendall, RJ and Scanlon, PF. 1982.
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Mcmurry, S. T., Lochmiller, R. L.,
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Prasada Rao, P. V. V. , Jordan, S.
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Sokol, R. Z. 1987. Hormonal Effects
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Yu, S. Y., Mizinga, K. M., Nonavina
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No Oral Letter from smelter environ
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No Control Allcroft, R. 1950. Lead
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Org Met Annau, Z. 1988. Organometal
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Phys Bailey, C. and Kitchen, I. 198
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Science. 50(4): 572-580. Fate Bebe,
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Surv Beyer, W. N., Day, D., Morton,
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Mix Bishop, Christine A., Boermans,
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permanent hippocampal damage in Fis
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FL Bukovjan, K., Hallmannova, A., K
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Bio Acc Burger, J. , Rodgers, J. A.
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with heavy metals on the mineral co
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No Oral Chowdhury, A. R. and Ravell
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Bio Acc Collins, MF, Hrdina, PD, Wh
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Mix Cory Slechta, D. A., Pokora, M.
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chemical Agents. J Obstet Gynaecol
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25-39 Imm Descotes, J. R. Tedone, a
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Bact Dolinsky, Z. S., Burright, R.
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FL Dumas, P., Gueldry, D., Loireau,
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Mix Elgerwi, A. Al-Fateh and Bires,
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Stain Figueiredo, B. C., Skup, M.,
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No Dose Fowler, B. A., Kimmel, C. A
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Mix Fullmer, C. S. 1995. Dietary ca
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Surv Getz, L. L., Best, L. B., and
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Fate Govoni, S., Memo, M., Spano, P
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Surv Guitart, R., To Figueras, J.,
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Abstract Hanna, L., Peters, J. M.,
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HHE Hemberg, S., Nikkanen, J, Melli
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Surv Hillis, T. L. and Parker, G. H
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Pb Behav Hong, J. S., Tilson, H. A.
Page 137 and 138: FL Inouye, M. 1989. Teratology of h
Page 139 and 140: HHE Janghorbani, M. and Young, V. R
Page 141 and 142: Bio Acc Kaiser, T. E., Reichel, W.
Page 143 and 144: Lead Shot Kendall, R. J. and Scanlo
Page 145 and 146: Drug Kitchen, I. and McDowell, J. 1
Page 147 and 148: Unrel Kopp, S. J., Glonek, T., Erla
Page 149 and 150: Abstract Krigman, MR, Butts, SA, Ho
Page 151 and 152: No Dose Lazareno, S and Nahorski, S
Page 153 and 154: Prim Levin, E. D., Schneider, M. L.
Page 155 and 156: Lead Shot Longcore, J. R., Locke, L
Page 157 and 158: Surv Maedgen, J. L, Hacker, C. S.,
Page 159 and 160: No Dose Massaro, E. J. and Massaro,
Page 161 and 162: No Oral McGowan, C. 1989. Influence
Page 163 and 164: CP Michaelson, I. A., Greenland, R.
Page 165 and 166: Lead Shot Moore, J. L., Hohman, W.
Page 167 and 168: No Dose Munoz, C., Garbe, K., Lilie
Page 169 and 170: Drug Nation, J. R., Dugger, L. M.,
Page 171 and 172: cutanee induite par le laurylsulfat
Page 173 and 174: Surv Ohlendorf, Harry M., Hothem, R
Page 175 and 176: Surv Pain, D. J. 1989. Hematologica
Page 177 and 178: Surv Peles, J. D. and Barrett, G. W
Page 179 and 180: No COC Plus, R. 1992. A review of i
Page 181 and 182: CP Rasile, D. A., Donovick, P. J.,
Page 183 and 184: Prim Rice, D. C. 1984. Behavioral D
Page 185 and 186: Aquatic Roper, J. M., Cherry, D. S.
Page 187: Lead Shot Sanderson, G. C., Anderso
Page 191 and 192: Bio Acc Sharma, Rp, Street, Jc, Shu
Page 193 and 194: Challenge, and Influence of Treatme
Page 195 and 196: Diss Spahn, S. A. 1997. Colonial Wa
Page 197 and 198: Surv Stendell, R. C., Smith, R. I.,
Page 199 and 200: No Oral Sundstrom, R., Conradi, N.
Page 201 and 202: Mix Thawley, D. G., Willoughby, R.
Page 203 and 204: Bio Acc Tsuzuki, Toshihumi, Kotani,
Page 205 and 206: No Dose Varma, M. M., Joshi, S. R.,
Page 207 and 208: FL Vogt, H. and Nezel, K. 1976. The
Page 209 and 210: Lead Shot Wayland, M. and Bollinger
Page 211 and 212: Species Williams, Phillip L. and Du
Page 213 and 214: CP Woolley, D. E. and Woolley-efige
Page 215 and 216: Surv Zechalko, A. 1979. Effect of N
Page 217 and 218: Rejection Criteria Literature Rejec
Page 223 and 224: Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Ex
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% A
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