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FL Rauta, C., Ionescu, Ariana, Carstea, S., and Neata, Gabriela. 1988. Effects on crops of soil pollution by lead. An.Inst.Cercet.Pedol.Agrochim., Acad.Stiinte Agric.Silvice 48, 257-267 No Dur Rebele, F. 1989. The Lead Contents in Goldenrod Leaves (Solidago canadensis L.) in the Vicinity of the Sonnenschein Lead Battery Factory in Berlin-Mariendorf (Der Bleigehalt von Goldrutenblattern (Solidago canadensis L.) in der Umgebung der Akkumulatorenfabrik Sonnenschein in Berlin-Mariendorf). Verh.Ges.Oekol. 18, 437-442 No Control Reboredo, F., Ferreira, F., Ferreira, A., Simoes, M. C., Astruc, M., and Lester, John Norman. 1988. Accumulation of copper and lead by Halimione portulacoides (L) Aellen: a seasonal study. Heavy Met.Hydrol.Cycle , 173-180 No Dose Reboredo, F. 1997. Some Observations on the Effects of Iron on the Leaf Ultrastructure of Halimione portulacoides. J Plant Physiol 115, 581-589 Media Reinecke, A. J. and Reinecke, S. A. 1996. The Influence Of Heavy Metals On The Growth And Reproduction Of The Compost Worm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). Pedobiologia 40[5], 439-448 Media Reinecke, A. J., Maboeta, M. S., and Reinecke, S. A. 1997. Stimulating Effects Of Low Lead Concentrations On Growth And Cocoon Production Of Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). S.Afr.J.Zool. 32[3], 72-75 Media Reinecke, S. A. and Reinecke, A. J. 1997. The influence of lead and manganese on spermatozoa of Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). Soil Biology & Biochemistry 29[3/4], 737-742 Mix Richards, K. S. and Ireland, M. P. 1978. Glycogen-Lead Relationship in the Earthworm Dendrobaena rubida from a Heavy Metal Site. Histochemie 56, 55-64 Mix Rida, A. and Bouche, M. B. 1997. Heavy Metal Linkages With Mineral, Organic And Living Soil Compartments. Soil Biol Biochem 29[3-4], 649-655 No Dur Roberts, R. D., Johnson, M. S., and Hutton, M. 1978. Lead contamination of small mammals from abandoned metalliferous mines. Environ Pollut 15[1], 61-70 Mix Robinson, B. H., Leblanc, M., Petit, D., Brooks, R. R., Kirkman, J. H., and Gregg, P. E. H. 1998. The potential of Thlaspi caerulescens for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Plant Soil 203[1], 47-56 OM Roeder, U. and Breckle, S. W. 1989. Effect of Lead and Cadmium on the Growth and Cation Content of Beech Seedlings on Forest Soil. Verh.- Ges.Oekol. 17, 557-562 OM, pH Rolfe, G. L. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1975. Effect of Lead Contamination on Transpiration and Photosynthesis of Loblolly Pine and Autumn Olive. For.Sci. 21[1], 33-35 Score Sadana, U. S. and Singh, B. 1987. Yield and Uptake of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc by Wheat Grown in a Soil Polluted with Heavy Metals. J.Plant Sci.Res. 3, 11-17 Mix Sadiq, M. 1985. Uptake of Cadmium, Lead, and Nickel by Corn Grown in Contaminated Soils. Water Air Soil Pollut 26, 185-190 FL Salama, F. S. A., Abuzid, M. M., and Obukhov, A. I. 1993. Effect of Organic Fertilizers on the Lead Mobility in Soils and on Its Uptake by Plants. Vestn.Mosk.Univ.Ser.17 Pochvoved. 45-51 OM, pH Salim, R., Hagemeyer, J., Al Subu, M. M., Atallah, A., and Chenavier, L. 1992. Effects, on Growth and Uptake Distribution, of Root and Foliar Treatments of Marrow Plants with Cadmium Eco-SSL for Lead 47 March 2005
and Lead Solutions. J.Environ.Sci.Health 27A[8], 2173-2190 OM, pH Salim, R., Al-Subu, M. M., Douleh, A., Chenavier, L., and Hagemeyer, J. 1992. Effects of Root and Foliar Treatments of Carrot Plants with Lead and Cadmium on the Growth Uptake and the Distribution of Uptake of Metals in Treated Plants. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part A Environ.Sci.Eng. 27[7], 1739-1758 pH Salim, R., Isa, M., Al Subu, M. M., Sayrafi, S. A., and Sayrafi, O. 1995. Effect of Irrigation With Lead and Cadmium on the Growth and on the Metal Uptake of Cauliflower, Spinach and Parsley. J Environ Sci Health Part A A30[4], 831-849 Mix Sanchez, A. G., Moyano, A., and Munez, C. 1999. Forms of Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc in Polluted Mining Soils and Uptake by Plants (Soria province, Spain). Commun.Soil Sci.Plant Anal. 30[9/10], 1385-1402 Species Sanok, William J., Ebel, Joseph G. J., Manzell, Kerry L., Gutenmann, Walterh, and Lisk, Donald J. 1995. Residues of arsenic and lead in potato soils on Long Island. Chemosphere 30[4], 803-806 No Dur Santos, P. L., Gouvea, R. C., and Dutra, I. R. 1993. Lead-210 in Vegetables and Soils from an Area of High Natural Radioactivity in Brazil. Sci.Total Environ. 138[1-3], 37-46 OM Scaps, P., Grelle, C., and Descamps, M. 1997. Cadmium And Lead Accumulation In The Earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny) And Its Impact On Cholinesterase And Metabolic Pathway Enzyme Activity. Comp Biochem Physiol 116C[3], 233-238 Mix Schaefer, J., Hannker, D., Eckhardt, J. D., and Stueben, D. 1998. Uptake of traffic-related heavy metals and platinum group elements (PGE) by plants. Science of the Total Environment 215[1/2], 59-67 Media Schaeffer, H. J. and Walton, J. D. 1990. Aluminum Ions Induce Oat Protoplasts to Produce an Extracellular (1 Leads to 3) Beta-d-Glucan. Plant Physiology. 94[1], 13-19 Rev Scheuhammer, A. M. 1991. Acidification-Related Changes in the Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology of Mercury, Cadmium, Lead and Aluminum: Overview. Environ Pollut 71, 87-90 FL Schlote, F. 1990. Beteiligung Von Schwermetallen, Bes. Cadmium Und Blei, An Der Entstehung Der 'neuartigen' Waldschaeden. (Are Immitted Heavy Metals, Is Lead Another Reason For Forest Decline - Investigations By Means Of Multielement Analysis). Govt-Reports-Announcements-&- Index-(GRA&I) [24] Media Schmidt, G. H., N.M.M.Ibrahim, and Abdallah, M. D. 1992. Long-Term Effects of Heavy Metals in Food on Developmental Stages of Aiolopus thalassinus (Saltatoria: Acrididae). Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 23[3], 375-382 Media Schulman, R. N., Salt, D. E., and Raskin, I. 1999. Isolation and Partial Characterization of a Lead- Accumulating Brassica juncea Mutant. Theor.Appl.Genet. 99[3/4], 398-404 Media Schwab, A. P., Tomecek, M. B., and Ohlenbusch, P. D. 1991. Plant availability of lead, cadmium and boron in amended coal ash. Water Air Soil Pollut. 57-58, 297-306 Score Seiler, J. R. and Paganelli, D. 1987. Photosynthesis and Growth Response of Red Spruce and Loblolly Pine to Soil-Applied Lead and Simulated Acid Rain. For Sci 33[3], 668-675 OM, pH Sharaf, Abd El-Monem. 1996. Effects of Cadmium and Lead on Cabbage Plants Grown in Soils Treated with Cyanobacteria. Al-Azhar Bull.Sci. 7[1], 423-433 Eco-SSL for Lead 48 March 2005
Page 1 and 2: Ecological Soil Screening Levels fo
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Page 5 and 6: 1.0 INTRODUCTION Ecological Soil Sc
Page 7 and 8: Lead can interfere with the synthes
Page 9 and 10: Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Lea
Page 11 and 12: Result # Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity D
Page 13 and 14: Within the reviewed papers, there a
Page 15 and 16: 6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
Page 17 and 18: Result # Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxici
Page 23 and 24: Surrogate Receptor Group Mammalian
Page 25 and 26: 7.0 REFERENCES 7.1 General Lead Ref
Page 27 and 28: Folsomia candida (Collembola). Ecot
Page 29 and 30: Accumulation of Lead (Pb) by Maize
Page 31 and 32: Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity
Page 33 and 34: Mix Descamps, M., Fabre, M. C., Gre
Page 35 and 36: Yoram, and Huang, Jianwei. 1997. Hy
Page 37 and 38: Und Einem Aquatischen Oekosystem. (
Page 39 and 40: No Dur Hopkin, S. P. and Martin, M.
Page 41 and 42: Contaminated by Lead and Zinc. Envi
Page 43 and 44: No Toxicant Kort, H. S., Schober, G
Page 45 and 46: Media Lee, K. C., Cunningham, B. A.
Page 47 and 48: Treated with Lead Arsenate. J Econ
Page 49 and 50: Mix Nakos, G. 1979. Lead Pollution:
Page 51: metal-contaminated alluvial soil. J
Page 55 and 56: Activity and Nitrate Assimilation i
Page 57 and 58: Fiziol.Rast.(Sofia) 14[3], 3-8 Rev
Page 59 and 60: Mix Weltje, L. 1998. Mixture Toxici
Page 61 and 62: 7.4 References Used in Deriving Wil
Page 63 and 64: Clayton, LB, Kitchen, I, and Winder
Page 65 and 66: Escribano, A., Revilla, M., Hernand
Page 67 and 68: Hasan, F., Cookman, G. R., Keane, G
Page 69 and 70: Kendall, RJ and Scanlon, PF. 1982.
Page 71 and 72: Mcmurry, S. T., Lochmiller, R. L.,
Page 73 and 74: Prasada Rao, P. V. V. , Jordan, S.
Page 75 and 76: Sokol, R. Z. 1987. Hormonal Effects
Page 77 and 78: Yu, S. Y., Mizinga, K. M., Nonavina
Page 79 and 80: No Oral Letter from smelter environ
Page 81 and 82: No Control Allcroft, R. 1950. Lead
Page 83 and 84: Org Met Annau, Z. 1988. Organometal
Page 85 and 86: Phys Bailey, C. and Kitchen, I. 198
Page 87 and 88: Science. 50(4): 572-580. Fate Bebe,
Page 89 and 90: Surv Beyer, W. N., Day, D., Morton,
Page 91 and 92: Mix Bishop, Christine A., Boermans,
Page 93 and 94: permanent hippocampal damage in Fis
Page 95 and 96: FL Bukovjan, K., Hallmannova, A., K
Page 97 and 98: Bio Acc Burger, J. , Rodgers, J. A.
Page 99 and 100: with heavy metals on the mineral co
Page 101 and 102: No Oral Chowdhury, A. R. and Ravell
Page 103 and 104:
Bio Acc Collins, MF, Hrdina, PD, Wh
Page 105 and 106:
Mix Cory Slechta, D. A., Pokora, M.
Page 107 and 108:
chemical Agents. J Obstet Gynaecol
Page 109 and 110:
25-39 Imm Descotes, J. R. Tedone, a
Page 111 and 112:
Bact Dolinsky, Z. S., Burright, R.
Page 113 and 114:
FL Dumas, P., Gueldry, D., Loireau,
Page 115 and 116:
Mix Elgerwi, A. Al-Fateh and Bires,
Page 117 and 118:
Stain Figueiredo, B. C., Skup, M.,
Page 119 and 120:
No Dose Fowler, B. A., Kimmel, C. A
Page 121 and 122:
Mix Fullmer, C. S. 1995. Dietary ca
Page 123 and 124:
Surv Getz, L. L., Best, L. B., and
Page 125 and 126:
Fate Govoni, S., Memo, M., Spano, P
Page 127 and 128:
Surv Guitart, R., To Figueras, J.,
Page 129 and 130:
Abstract Hanna, L., Peters, J. M.,
Page 131 and 132:
HHE Hemberg, S., Nikkanen, J, Melli
Page 133 and 134:
Surv Hillis, T. L. and Parker, G. H
Page 135 and 136:
Pb Behav Hong, J. S., Tilson, H. A.
Page 137 and 138:
FL Inouye, M. 1989. Teratology of h
Page 139 and 140:
HHE Janghorbani, M. and Young, V. R
Page 141 and 142:
Bio Acc Kaiser, T. E., Reichel, W.
Page 143 and 144:
Lead Shot Kendall, R. J. and Scanlo
Page 145 and 146:
Drug Kitchen, I. and McDowell, J. 1
Page 147 and 148:
Unrel Kopp, S. J., Glonek, T., Erla
Page 149 and 150:
Abstract Krigman, MR, Butts, SA, Ho
Page 151 and 152:
No Dose Lazareno, S and Nahorski, S
Page 153 and 154:
Prim Levin, E. D., Schneider, M. L.
Page 155 and 156:
Lead Shot Longcore, J. R., Locke, L
Page 157 and 158:
Surv Maedgen, J. L, Hacker, C. S.,
Page 159 and 160:
No Dose Massaro, E. J. and Massaro,
Page 161 and 162:
No Oral McGowan, C. 1989. Influence
Page 163 and 164:
CP Michaelson, I. A., Greenland, R.
Page 165 and 166:
Lead Shot Moore, J. L., Hohman, W.
Page 167 and 168:
No Dose Munoz, C., Garbe, K., Lilie
Page 169 and 170:
Drug Nation, J. R., Dugger, L. M.,
Page 171 and 172:
cutanee induite par le laurylsulfat
Page 173 and 174:
Surv Ohlendorf, Harry M., Hothem, R
Page 175 and 176:
Surv Pain, D. J. 1989. Hematologica
Page 177 and 178:
Surv Peles, J. D. and Barrett, G. W
Page 179 and 180:
No COC Plus, R. 1992. A review of i
Page 181 and 182:
CP Rasile, D. A., Donovick, P. J.,
Page 183 and 184:
Prim Rice, D. C. 1984. Behavioral D
Page 185 and 186:
Aquatic Roper, J. M., Cherry, D. S.
Page 187 and 188:
Lead Shot Sanderson, G. C., Anderso
Page 189 and 190:
Unrel Schoemaker, N. J., Lumeij, J.
Page 191 and 192:
Bio Acc Sharma, Rp, Street, Jc, Shu
Page 193 and 194:
Challenge, and Influence of Treatme
Page 195 and 196:
Diss Spahn, S. A. 1997. Colonial Wa
Page 197 and 198:
Surv Stendell, R. C., Smith, R. I.,
Page 199 and 200:
No Oral Sundstrom, R., Conradi, N.
Page 201 and 202:
Mix Thawley, D. G., Willoughby, R.
Page 203 and 204:
Bio Acc Tsuzuki, Toshihumi, Kotani,
Page 205 and 206:
No Dose Varma, M. M., Joshi, S. R.,
Page 207 and 208:
FL Vogt, H. and Nezel, K. 1976. The
Page 209 and 210:
Lead Shot Wayland, M. and Bollinger
Page 211 and 212:
Species Williams, Phillip L. and Du
Page 213 and 214:
CP Woolley, D. E. and Woolley-efige
Page 215 and 216:
Surv Zechalko, A. 1979. Effect of N
Page 217 and 218:
Rejection Criteria Literature Rejec
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Ex
Page 225 and 226:
Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% A
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