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Usepa and Herman Z et Al. 1980. Chronic Toxicity of Lead and Cadmium I. Changes in the Central Nervous System of the Parental Generation of Rats after Chronic Intoxication with Lead and Cadmium. EPA-600/1-80-012. Ref ID: 14697 Vengris, Ve and Mare, Cj. 1974. Lead Poisoning in Chickens and the Effect of Lead on Interferon and Antibody Production. Can. J. Comp. Med. 38: 328. Ref ID: 14384 Verlangieri, A. J., Meyer, J. J., and Kapeghian, J. C. 1983. Effect of Dietary Protein on Locomotor Activity During Chronic Lead Exposure in Male and Female Rats. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 30(2): 158-164. Ref ID: 2918 Vyskocil, A., Pancl, J., Tusl, M., Ettlerova, E., Semecky, V., Kasparova, L., Lauwerys, R., and Bernard, A. 1989. Dose-related Proximal Tubular Dysfunction in Male Rats Chronically Exposed to Lead. J. Appl. Toxicol. 9(6): 395-399. Ref ID: 2922 Vyskocil, A., Semecky, V., Fiala, Z., Cuzkova, M., and Viau, C. 1995. Renal Alterations in Female Rats Following Subchronic Lead Exposure. J. Appl. Toxicol. 15(4): 257(6). Ref ID: 2923 Wadi, S. A. and Ahmad, G. 1999. Effects of Lead on the Male Reproductive System in Mice. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 56(7): 513-521. Ref ID: 2924 Wardell, R. E., Seegmiller, R. E., and Bradshaw, W. S. 1982. Induction of Pre-natal Toxicity in the Rat by Diethyl Stilbestrol Zeranol 3 4 3' 4' Tetra Chloro Bi-phenyl Cadmium and Lead. Teratology. 26(3): 229-238. Ref ID: 748 Wells, Gah, Mchowell, J, and Gopinath, C. 1976. Experimental Lead Encephalopathy in Calves. Histological Observations on the Nature and Distributions of Lesions. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 2: 605-616. Ref ID: 14803 Wenda-rozewicka, L., Marchlewicz, M., Barcew-wiszniewska, B., and Piasecka, M. 1996. The Ultrastructure of the Testis in Rats after Long-term Treatment with Lead Acetate. Andrologia. 28(2): 97-102. Ref ID: 2928 White, D. J. 1977. Histochemical and Histological Effects of Lead on the Liver and Kidney of the Dog. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 58(1): 101-112. Ref ID: 2929 Wiebe, J. P. and Barr, K. J. 1988. Effect of Prenatal and Neonatal Exposure to Lead on the Affinity and Number of Estradiol Receptors in the Uterus. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 24(4): 451-460. Ref ID: 2930 Willoughby, Ra, Thirapatsakum, T, and Mcsherry, Bj. 1972. Influence of Rations Low in Calcium and Phosphorus on Blood and Tissue Lead Concentrations in the Horse. Am. J. Vet. Res. 33: 1165. Ref ID: 14386 Winder, C., Kitchen, I., Clayton, L. B., Gardiner, S. M., Wilson, J. M., and Lewis, P. D. 1984. The Effect of Perinatal Lead Administration on the Ontogeny of Striatal Enkephalin Levels in the Rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 73(1): 30-34. Ref ID: 2934 Winneke, G., Brockhaus, A., and Baltissen, R. 1977. Neurobehavioral and Systemic Effects of Longterm Blood Lead-elevation in Rats. I. Discrimination Learning and Open Field-behavior . Arch.toxicol. 37(4): 247-263. Ref ID: 3935 Wiszniewska, B., Marchlewicz, M., Piasecka, M., Wenda-rozewicka, L., and Swider-al-amawi, M. 1998. Phospholipid Content and Lamellar Structures in the Epididymal Epithelial Cells of Rats Treated Chronically with Lead Acetate (Pb(ii)). Folia Biologica (Cracow). 46(3-4): 215-224. Ref ID: 2938 Yagminas, A. P., Franklin, C. A., Villeneuve, D. C., Gilman, A. P. , Little, P. B., and Valli, V. E. 1990. Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Triethyl Lead in the Male Weanling Rat. Clinical, Biochemical, Hematological, and Histopathological Effects. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 15(3): 580-596. Ref ID: 3937 Eco-SSL for Lead 71 March 2005
Yu, S. Y., Mizinga, K. M., Nonavinakere, V. K., and Soliman, K. F. 1996. Decreased Endurance to Cold Water Swimming and Delayed Sexual Maturity in the Rat Following Neonatal Lead Exposure. Toxicol Lett. 85(3): 135- 141. Ref ID: 3939 Zenick, H., Pecorraro, F., Price, D., Saez, K., and Ward, J. 1979. Maternal Behavior During Chronic Lead Exposure and Measures of Offspring Development. Neurobehav. Toxicol. 1(1): 65-71. Ref ID: 2943 Zheng, W., Shen, H., Blaner, W. S., Zhao, Q., Ren, X., and Graziano, J. H. 1996. Chronic Lead Exposure Alters Transthyretin Concentration in Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid: the Role of the Choroid Plexus [See Comments]. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 139(2): 445-450. Ref ID: 2944 Zirkin, B, Gross, R, and Ewing L. 1985. Effects of Lead Acetate on Male Rat Reproduction. 13-145. Ref ID: 14709 Zmudski, J., Bratton, G. R., Womac, C., and Rowe, L. 1983. Lead Poisoning in Cattle: Reassessment of the Minimum Toxic Oral Dose. Bull.environ Contam Toxicol. 30(4): 435-441. Ref ID: 3940 7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRV These references were reviewed and rejected for use in derivation of the Eco-SSL. The definition of the codes describing the basis for rejection is provided at the end of the reference sections. Unrel 1988 Annual Report on Alaska's Mineral Resources. USGS Circular 1023. (65) Unrel Addition of calcium ions for enhancing the safety of metal-ligand chelates as magnetic resonance imaging agents and x-ray contrast agents. PCT Int. Appl. 10 pp. Anat Analysis of the variation of the oxygen isotopic composition of mammalian bone phosphate (paleoclimate, climate change, castor canadensis, casteroides ohioensis, teotihuacan, mexico, immigration). 01534453 ORDER NO: AADNN-13683 Unrel 1976. Annual report of studies in animal nutrition and allied sciences. Volume 32. Rowett Research Institute. 125pp. Diss Appearances suggesting reconstruction in the rat brain after well-defined lesions. 1052950 Diss Biochemical and genetic characterization of the n-acetyltransferase polymorphism in c57bl/6j and a/j mice. 954931 ORDER NO: AAD87-12169 Diss The byzantine lead seals with family names from the collection of the numismatic museum of athens (numismatic museum) original title: die byzantinischen bleisiegel mit sammlung des numismatischen museums athen. 01285432 Diss Cellular development and differentiation in human cerebral cortical dysplasic. 01363469 ORDER NOAAD94-18881. No Control Buck, WB, James, LF, and Binns, W. 1961. Changes in serum transaminase activities associated with plant and mineral toxicity in sheep and cattle. Cornell Vet. 51: 568. Diss The chromatin patterns of seven vertebrate species (banding, birds. cat). 0996732 Eco-SSL for Lead 72 March 2005
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Ecological Soil Screening Levels fo
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Ecological Soil Sc
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Lead can interfere with the synthes
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Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Lea
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Result # Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity D
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Within the reviewed papers, there a
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6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
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Result # Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxici
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Surrogate Receptor Group Mammalian
Page 25 and 26: 7.0 REFERENCES 7.1 General Lead Ref
Page 27 and 28: Folsomia candida (Collembola). Ecot
Page 29 and 30: Accumulation of Lead (Pb) by Maize
Page 31 and 32: Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity
Page 33 and 34: Mix Descamps, M., Fabre, M. C., Gre
Page 35 and 36: Yoram, and Huang, Jianwei. 1997. Hy
Page 37 and 38: Und Einem Aquatischen Oekosystem. (
Page 39 and 40: No Dur Hopkin, S. P. and Martin, M.
Page 41 and 42: Contaminated by Lead and Zinc. Envi
Page 43 and 44: No Toxicant Kort, H. S., Schober, G
Page 45 and 46: Media Lee, K. C., Cunningham, B. A.
Page 47 and 48: Treated with Lead Arsenate. J Econ
Page 49 and 50: Mix Nakos, G. 1979. Lead Pollution:
Page 51 and 52: metal-contaminated alluvial soil. J
Page 53 and 54: and Lead Solutions. J.Environ.Sci.H
Page 55 and 56: Activity and Nitrate Assimilation i
Page 57 and 58: Fiziol.Rast.(Sofia) 14[3], 3-8 Rev
Page 59 and 60: Mix Weltje, L. 1998. Mixture Toxici
Page 61 and 62: 7.4 References Used in Deriving Wil
Page 63 and 64: Clayton, LB, Kitchen, I, and Winder
Page 65 and 66: Escribano, A., Revilla, M., Hernand
Page 67 and 68: Hasan, F., Cookman, G. R., Keane, G
Page 69 and 70: Kendall, RJ and Scanlon, PF. 1982.
Page 71 and 72: Mcmurry, S. T., Lochmiller, R. L.,
Page 73 and 74: Prasada Rao, P. V. V. , Jordan, S.
Page 75: Sokol, R. Z. 1987. Hormonal Effects
Page 79 and 80: No Oral Letter from smelter environ
Page 81 and 82: No Control Allcroft, R. 1950. Lead
Page 83 and 84: Org Met Annau, Z. 1988. Organometal
Page 85 and 86: Phys Bailey, C. and Kitchen, I. 198
Page 87 and 88: Science. 50(4): 572-580. Fate Bebe,
Page 89 and 90: Surv Beyer, W. N., Day, D., Morton,
Page 91 and 92: Mix Bishop, Christine A., Boermans,
Page 93 and 94: permanent hippocampal damage in Fis
Page 95 and 96: FL Bukovjan, K., Hallmannova, A., K
Page 97 and 98: Bio Acc Burger, J. , Rodgers, J. A.
Page 99 and 100: with heavy metals on the mineral co
Page 101 and 102: No Oral Chowdhury, A. R. and Ravell
Page 103 and 104: Bio Acc Collins, MF, Hrdina, PD, Wh
Page 105 and 106: Mix Cory Slechta, D. A., Pokora, M.
Page 107 and 108: chemical Agents. J Obstet Gynaecol
Page 109 and 110: 25-39 Imm Descotes, J. R. Tedone, a
Page 111 and 112: Bact Dolinsky, Z. S., Burright, R.
Page 113 and 114: FL Dumas, P., Gueldry, D., Loireau,
Page 115 and 116: Mix Elgerwi, A. Al-Fateh and Bires,
Page 117 and 118: Stain Figueiredo, B. C., Skup, M.,
Page 119 and 120: No Dose Fowler, B. A., Kimmel, C. A
Page 121 and 122: Mix Fullmer, C. S. 1995. Dietary ca
Page 123 and 124: Surv Getz, L. L., Best, L. B., and
Page 125 and 126: Fate Govoni, S., Memo, M., Spano, P
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Surv Guitart, R., To Figueras, J.,
Page 129 and 130:
Abstract Hanna, L., Peters, J. M.,
Page 131 and 132:
HHE Hemberg, S., Nikkanen, J, Melli
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Surv Hillis, T. L. and Parker, G. H
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Pb Behav Hong, J. S., Tilson, H. A.
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FL Inouye, M. 1989. Teratology of h
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HHE Janghorbani, M. and Young, V. R
Page 141 and 142:
Bio Acc Kaiser, T. E., Reichel, W.
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Lead Shot Kendall, R. J. and Scanlo
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Drug Kitchen, I. and McDowell, J. 1
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Unrel Kopp, S. J., Glonek, T., Erla
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Abstract Krigman, MR, Butts, SA, Ho
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No Dose Lazareno, S and Nahorski, S
Page 153 and 154:
Prim Levin, E. D., Schneider, M. L.
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Lead Shot Longcore, J. R., Locke, L
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Surv Maedgen, J. L, Hacker, C. S.,
Page 159 and 160:
No Dose Massaro, E. J. and Massaro,
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No Oral McGowan, C. 1989. Influence
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CP Michaelson, I. A., Greenland, R.
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Lead Shot Moore, J. L., Hohman, W.
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No Dose Munoz, C., Garbe, K., Lilie
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Drug Nation, J. R., Dugger, L. M.,
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cutanee induite par le laurylsulfat
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Surv Ohlendorf, Harry M., Hothem, R
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Surv Pain, D. J. 1989. Hematologica
Page 177 and 178:
Surv Peles, J. D. and Barrett, G. W
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No COC Plus, R. 1992. A review of i
Page 181 and 182:
CP Rasile, D. A., Donovick, P. J.,
Page 183 and 184:
Prim Rice, D. C. 1984. Behavioral D
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Aquatic Roper, J. M., Cherry, D. S.
Page 187 and 188:
Lead Shot Sanderson, G. C., Anderso
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Unrel Schoemaker, N. J., Lumeij, J.
Page 191 and 192:
Bio Acc Sharma, Rp, Street, Jc, Shu
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Challenge, and Influence of Treatme
Page 195 and 196:
Diss Spahn, S. A. 1997. Colonial Wa
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Surv Stendell, R. C., Smith, R. I.,
Page 199 and 200:
No Oral Sundstrom, R., Conradi, N.
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Mix Thawley, D. G., Willoughby, R.
Page 203 and 204:
Bio Acc Tsuzuki, Toshihumi, Kotani,
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No Dose Varma, M. M., Joshi, S. R.,
Page 207 and 208:
FL Vogt, H. and Nezel, K. 1976. The
Page 209 and 210:
Lead Shot Wayland, M. and Bollinger
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Species Williams, Phillip L. and Du
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CP Woolley, D. E. and Woolley-efige
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Surv Zechalko, A. 1979. Effect of N
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Rejection Criteria Literature Rejec
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Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Ex
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% A
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