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Seedlings in Cadmium and Cadmium-Lead Contaminated Soils (Die Entwicklung des Wurzelsystems von Buchenkeimlingen bei Cadmium- und Kombinierter Cadmium- /Bleibelastung). Verh.Ges.Oekol. 18, 367-371 Media Beyer, W. N. and Anderson, A. 1985. Toxicity to Woodlice of Zinc and Lead Oxides Added to Soil Litter. Ambio 14[3], 172-174 Media Bharti, N. and Singh, R. P. 1993. Growth and Nitrate Reduction by Sesamum indicum cv PB-I Respond Differentially to Lead. Phytochemistry 33[3], 531-534 No Dose Bhuiya, M. R. H. and Cornfield, A. H. 1972. Effects of Addition of 1000 ppm Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn on Carbon Dioxide Release During Incubation of Soil Alone and After Treatment with Straw. Environ.Pollut. 3, 173-177 No Dose Bhuiya, M. R. H. and Cornfield, A. H. 1974. Incubation Study on Effect of pH on Nitrogen Mineralisation and Nitrification in Soils Treated with 1000 ppm Lead and Zinc, as Oxides. Environ.Pollut. 7, 161-164 No Control Bhuiya, M. R. H. and Cornfield, A. H. 1976. Effect of Addition of Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn on Nitrogen Mineralisation and Nitrification During Incubation of Sandy Soils. Bangladesh J.Biol.Sci. 5[1], 18-20 Mix Bisessar, S. 1982. Effect of Heavy Metals on Microorganisms in Soils near a Secondary Lead Smelter. Water Air Soil Pollut 17[3], 305-308 Media Bittell, J., Koeppe, D. E., and Miller, R. J. 1974. Sorption of Heavy Metals Cations by corn Mitochondria and the Effects on Electron and Energy Transfer Reactions. Physiol Plant 30, 226- 230 Mix Blair, C. W., Scanlon, P. F., and Hiller, A. L. 1978. Lead, Cadmium, Nickel, and Zinc Levels in Earthworms and Mammals Recovered near Highways of Different Traffic Volumes. Va.J.Sci. 29[2], 57 (ABS) No Dose Blaylock, Michael J., Salt, David E., Dushenkov, Slavik, Zakharova, Olga, Gussman, Christopher, Kapulnik, Yoram, Ensley, Burt D., and Raskin, Ilya. 1997. Enhanced accumulation of Pb in indian mustard by soil-applied chelating agents. Environ.Sci.Technol. 860-865 Mix Boisson, J., Ruttens, A., and Vangronsveld, J. 1999. Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite as a Metal Immobilizing Soil Additive for the Remediation of Polluted Soils. Part I. Influence of Hydroxyapatite on Metal Exchangeability in Soil, Plant Growth and Plant Metal Accumulation. Environ Pollut 104[2], 225-233 No Dur Boon, D. Y. and Soltanpour, P. N. 1992. Lead, cadmium and zinc contamination of aspen garden soils and vegetation. J Environ Qual 21[1], 82-86 No Dur Boruvka, L., Kozak, J., and Kristoufkova, S. 1997. Distribution of cadmium, lead, and zinc in plants grown on heavily polluted soils. Rostl.Vyroba 43[6], 249-256 Mix Bradshaw, A. D. 1952. Populations of Agrostis tenuis Resistant to Lead and Zinc Poisoning. Nature (London) 169, 1098-1110 Rev Breckle, S. W. and Kahle, H. 1992. Effects of Toxic Heavy Metals Cadmium Lead on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Vegetario 101[1], 43-53 Rev Brennan, M. A. and Shelley, M. L. 1999. A Model of the Uptake, Translocation, and Eco-SSL for Lead 23 March 2005
Accumulation of Lead (Pb) by Maize for the Purpose of Phytoextraction. Ecol.Eng. 12[3/4], 271- 297 Rev Brewer, R. F. 1966. Lead. In: H.D.Chapman (Ed.), Diagnostic Criteria for Plants and Soils, University of California, Berkeley, CA , 213, 216 Media Brown, B. E. 1977. Uptake of Copper and Lead by a Metal Tolerant Isopod Asellus meridianus Rac. Freshwater Biol 7[3], 235-244 No Dur Brown, D. H. and Slingsby, D. R. 1972. The Cellular Location of Lead and Potassium in the Lichen Cladonia rangiformis (L.) Hoffm. New Phytol 71, 297-305 Mix Brown, G. 1995. The Effects of Lead and Zinc on the Distribution of Plant Species at Former Mining Areas of Western Europe. Flora (Jena) 190[3], 243-249 FL Brown, Gary. 1990. Ecological study of the vegetation in the former lead-mining area near Mechernich (Eifel Mountains). Angew.Bot. 64[5-6], 457-488 OM, pH Cadmium, Copper, and Lead. Environ Sci & Technol 7[2], 131-135 Media Buckles, V. P. 1999. Can the Pattern of the Leucage venusto Webs be Used to Indicate Environmental Contamination? Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 62[5], 563-569 Media Burzynski, M. and Jakob, M. 1983. Influence of Lead on Auxin-Induced Cell Elongation. Acta Soc.Bot.Pol. 52[3/4], 231-239 Media Burzynski, M. and Grabowski, A. 1984. Influence of Lead on Nitrate Uptake and Reduction in Cucumber Seedlings. Acta Soc.Bot.Pollut. 53[1], 77-86 Media Burzynski, M. 1985. Influence of Lead on the Chlorophyll Content and on Initial Steps of Its Synthesis in Greening Cucumber Seedlings. Acta Soc.Bot.Pol. 54[1], 95-105 Media Burzynski, M. 1987. The Uptake and Transpiration of Water and the Accumulation of Lead by Plants Growing on Lead Chloride Solutions. Acta Soc.Bot.Pol. 56[2], 271-280 No Dose Cancio, I., Gwynn, I., Ireland, M. P., and Cajaraville, M. P. 1995. The Effect of Sublethal Lead Exposure on the Ultrastructure and on the Distribution of Acid Phosphatase Activity in Chloragocytes of Earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Histochem J 27[12], 965-973 Media Carlson, R. W., Bazzaz, F. A., and Rolfe, G. L. 1975. The Effect of Heavy Metals on Plants: Part II. Net Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Whole Corn and Sunflower Plants Treated with Pb, Cd, Ni, and Ti. Environ Research 10, 113-120 OM, pH Carlson, R. W. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1977. Growth Reduction of American Sycamore (Plantanus occidentalis L.) Caused by Pb-Cd Interaction40295. Environ Pollut 12[4], 243-253 OM, pH Carlson, R. W. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1977. Growth Reduction in American Sycamore (Plantanus occidentalis L.) Caused by Pb-Cd Interaction 40294. Environ Pollut 12, 243-253 No ERE Carlson, R. W. and Rolfe, G. L. 1979. Growth of Rye Grass and Fescue as Affected by Lead- Cadmium-Fertilizer Interaction. J Environ Qual 8[3], 348-352 Species Cartwright, B. and Tiller, K. G. 1976. Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils Around a Lead Smelter at Port Pirie, South Australia. Aust.J.Soil Res. 15, 69-81 Eco-SSL for Lead 24 March 2005
Page 1 and 2: Ecological Soil Screening Levels fo
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Page 5 and 6: 1.0 INTRODUCTION Ecological Soil Sc
Page 7 and 8: Lead can interfere with the synthes
Page 9 and 10: Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Lea
Page 11 and 12: Result # Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity D
Page 13 and 14: Within the reviewed papers, there a
Page 15 and 16: 6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
Page 17 and 18: Result # Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxici
Page 23 and 24: Surrogate Receptor Group Mammalian
Page 25 and 26: 7.0 REFERENCES 7.1 General Lead Ref
Page 27: Folsomia candida (Collembola). Ecot
Page 31 and 32: Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity
Page 33 and 34: Mix Descamps, M., Fabre, M. C., Gre
Page 35 and 36: Yoram, and Huang, Jianwei. 1997. Hy
Page 37 and 38: Und Einem Aquatischen Oekosystem. (
Page 39 and 40: No Dur Hopkin, S. P. and Martin, M.
Page 41 and 42: Contaminated by Lead and Zinc. Envi
Page 43 and 44: No Toxicant Kort, H. S., Schober, G
Page 45 and 46: Media Lee, K. C., Cunningham, B. A.
Page 47 and 48: Treated with Lead Arsenate. J Econ
Page 49 and 50: Mix Nakos, G. 1979. Lead Pollution:
Page 51 and 52: metal-contaminated alluvial soil. J
Page 53 and 54: and Lead Solutions. J.Environ.Sci.H
Page 55 and 56: Activity and Nitrate Assimilation i
Page 57 and 58: Fiziol.Rast.(Sofia) 14[3], 3-8 Rev
Page 59 and 60: Mix Weltje, L. 1998. Mixture Toxici
Page 61 and 62: 7.4 References Used in Deriving Wil
Page 63 and 64: Clayton, LB, Kitchen, I, and Winder
Page 65 and 66: Escribano, A., Revilla, M., Hernand
Page 67 and 68: Hasan, F., Cookman, G. R., Keane, G
Page 69 and 70: Kendall, RJ and Scanlon, PF. 1982.
Page 71 and 72: Mcmurry, S. T., Lochmiller, R. L.,
Page 73 and 74: Prasada Rao, P. V. V. , Jordan, S.
Page 75 and 76: Sokol, R. Z. 1987. Hormonal Effects
Page 77 and 78: Yu, S. Y., Mizinga, K. M., Nonavina
Page 79 and 80:
No Oral Letter from smelter environ
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No Control Allcroft, R. 1950. Lead
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Org Met Annau, Z. 1988. Organometal
Page 85 and 86:
Phys Bailey, C. and Kitchen, I. 198
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Science. 50(4): 572-580. Fate Bebe,
Page 89 and 90:
Surv Beyer, W. N., Day, D., Morton,
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Mix Bishop, Christine A., Boermans,
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permanent hippocampal damage in Fis
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FL Bukovjan, K., Hallmannova, A., K
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Bio Acc Burger, J. , Rodgers, J. A.
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with heavy metals on the mineral co
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No Oral Chowdhury, A. R. and Ravell
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Bio Acc Collins, MF, Hrdina, PD, Wh
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Mix Cory Slechta, D. A., Pokora, M.
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chemical Agents. J Obstet Gynaecol
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25-39 Imm Descotes, J. R. Tedone, a
Page 111 and 112:
Bact Dolinsky, Z. S., Burright, R.
Page 113 and 114:
FL Dumas, P., Gueldry, D., Loireau,
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Mix Elgerwi, A. Al-Fateh and Bires,
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Stain Figueiredo, B. C., Skup, M.,
Page 119 and 120:
No Dose Fowler, B. A., Kimmel, C. A
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Mix Fullmer, C. S. 1995. Dietary ca
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Surv Getz, L. L., Best, L. B., and
Page 125 and 126:
Fate Govoni, S., Memo, M., Spano, P
Page 127 and 128:
Surv Guitart, R., To Figueras, J.,
Page 129 and 130:
Abstract Hanna, L., Peters, J. M.,
Page 131 and 132:
HHE Hemberg, S., Nikkanen, J, Melli
Page 133 and 134:
Surv Hillis, T. L. and Parker, G. H
Page 135 and 136:
Pb Behav Hong, J. S., Tilson, H. A.
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FL Inouye, M. 1989. Teratology of h
Page 139 and 140:
HHE Janghorbani, M. and Young, V. R
Page 141 and 142:
Bio Acc Kaiser, T. E., Reichel, W.
Page 143 and 144:
Lead Shot Kendall, R. J. and Scanlo
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Drug Kitchen, I. and McDowell, J. 1
Page 147 and 148:
Unrel Kopp, S. J., Glonek, T., Erla
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Abstract Krigman, MR, Butts, SA, Ho
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No Dose Lazareno, S and Nahorski, S
Page 153 and 154:
Prim Levin, E. D., Schneider, M. L.
Page 155 and 156:
Lead Shot Longcore, J. R., Locke, L
Page 157 and 158:
Surv Maedgen, J. L, Hacker, C. S.,
Page 159 and 160:
No Dose Massaro, E. J. and Massaro,
Page 161 and 162:
No Oral McGowan, C. 1989. Influence
Page 163 and 164:
CP Michaelson, I. A., Greenland, R.
Page 165 and 166:
Lead Shot Moore, J. L., Hohman, W.
Page 167 and 168:
No Dose Munoz, C., Garbe, K., Lilie
Page 169 and 170:
Drug Nation, J. R., Dugger, L. M.,
Page 171 and 172:
cutanee induite par le laurylsulfat
Page 173 and 174:
Surv Ohlendorf, Harry M., Hothem, R
Page 175 and 176:
Surv Pain, D. J. 1989. Hematologica
Page 177 and 178:
Surv Peles, J. D. and Barrett, G. W
Page 179 and 180:
No COC Plus, R. 1992. A review of i
Page 181 and 182:
CP Rasile, D. A., Donovick, P. J.,
Page 183 and 184:
Prim Rice, D. C. 1984. Behavioral D
Page 185 and 186:
Aquatic Roper, J. M., Cherry, D. S.
Page 187 and 188:
Lead Shot Sanderson, G. C., Anderso
Page 189 and 190:
Unrel Schoemaker, N. J., Lumeij, J.
Page 191 and 192:
Bio Acc Sharma, Rp, Street, Jc, Shu
Page 193 and 194:
Challenge, and Influence of Treatme
Page 195 and 196:
Diss Spahn, S. A. 1997. Colonial Wa
Page 197 and 198:
Surv Stendell, R. C., Smith, R. I.,
Page 199 and 200:
No Oral Sundstrom, R., Conradi, N.
Page 201 and 202:
Mix Thawley, D. G., Willoughby, R.
Page 203 and 204:
Bio Acc Tsuzuki, Toshihumi, Kotani,
Page 205 and 206:
No Dose Varma, M. M., Joshi, S. R.,
Page 207 and 208:
FL Vogt, H. and Nezel, K. 1976. The
Page 209 and 210:
Lead Shot Wayland, M. and Bollinger
Page 211 and 212:
Species Williams, Phillip L. and Du
Page 213 and 214:
CP Woolley, D. E. and Woolley-efige
Page 215 and 216:
Surv Zechalko, A. 1979. Effect of N
Page 217 and 218:
Rejection Criteria Literature Rejec
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Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Ex
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% A
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