Combining health and social protection measures to reach the ultra ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Research resources Changing environment Global health policy environment Emphasis on development of tools and interventions for high-burden diseases Emerging public health problems and recent research developments Brain drain, globalization Others (cross-cutting) Examples of RSC needs ✜ Health policy and systems research ✜ Knowledge management systems ✜ Surveillance and information management systems ✜ Product discovery and development ✜ Clinical and field trial design and methodology ✜ Economic analyses ✜ Surveillance and global alert systems ✜ Research training on priority health problems identified by countries/regions ✜ Equity research ✜ Health policy and systems research ✜ Interdisciplinary research ✜ Centres of excellence and/or virtual centers of excellence ✜ Research financing and incentive systems ✜ Knowledge of regulatory issues and intellectual property rights ✜ Leadership and management: e.g., priority setting, strategic planning, partnership development, community involvement, monitoring and evaluation ✜ ICT: equipment, access and know-how ✜ Research ethics ✜ Research synthesis ✜ Knowledge translation Table 1: Specific RCS needs related to recent global health developments publications 17, 21, 33 as well as in the annual fora of the Global Forum for Health Research. Broadly speaking, these relate to training and retention of human resources, the research environment, translation of evidence to policy and practice, and the management of the health research system. In relation to recent trends in the global health landscape, Table 1 outlines some specific RCS needs to be able to respond to these developments, ranging from training in strategic and implementation research to leadership and management skills. The needs have been so overwhelming that the research response has tended to be diffuse and patchy. The tipping point for RCS is unlikely to be reached without a consolidated strategy. This very much depends on the responsiveness of the health research systems in LMICs. A number of countries have begun the process of reengineering their health research systems. And yet, in spite of the clear evidence on the link of health research to development, strengthening of the NHRS has failed to figure strongly in national development plans and support from overseas development agencies. While the need for health systems research has been articulated strongly in connection with the MDGs, the very system that underpins the generation of sustainable research resources has failed to garner the same attention. The debates on RCS for basic vs. applied research, health systems research vs. innovation, SARS/AI/HIV/TB/malaria vs. non communicable diseases are all symptomatic of the “silo syndrome” in health research, aggravated by the “Willy Sutton Law” 34 . Reference has been made to the UNAIDS “three ones” principle of “one action framework, one coordinating authority and one monitoring and evaluation system” as a model for effective RCS at the national level 21 . More specifically, a unified framework and strategy for health research for national development, in response to the changing landscape at the national, regional and global levels, needs to be carved out, advocated and vigorously implemented by each country. At the global level, recent moves to consolidate and innovate on RCS efforts to strengthen NHRSs are encouraging. However, if this collaborative enterprise is to have a significant impact on health research systems for development, it is equally essential to have wide, deep and long-term political and financial commitments from national and international stakeholders towards a common vision and strategic plan for “research for development”. ❏ Mary Ann D Lansang is Professor of Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology at the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, the Philippines. She is currently engaged in a USAID-funded Health Policy Development Programme in the Philippines. Dr Lansang serves on the Board of ICDDR,B, the WHO’s Immunization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts, and the Council of Advisers of the Philippine Society of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. She is the immediate past Executive Director of the INCLEN Trust (International Clinical Epidemiology Network) (2000–2004). Her research and training activities cover infectious diseases, clinical epidemiology, health policy and the ethics of health research. Rodolfo J Dennis is Professor of Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, as well as Director of Medicine and Head of the Research Department at Fundación Cardio-Infantil, both in Bogotá, Colombia. In addition to his clinical specialty in internal medicine and lung diseases, Dr Dennis has an MSc in Clinical Epidemiology from the University of Pennsylvania in the USA and is a PhD candidate in Epidemiology and Biostatistics from the McGill University in Canada. Professor Dennis currently sits on the Advisory Board of the Health Science and Technology Program of Colciencias, the major funding and research capacity building body of Colombia. 126 ✜ Global Forum Update on Research for Health Volume 4
Research resources References 1. Commission on Health Research for Development. Health research: essential link to equity and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. 2. International Organizing Committee. International Conference on Health Research for Development. Conference report, Geneva, 2001. 3. Global Forum for Health Research. Health research for equity in global health. Statement by the Global Forum for Health Research at the conclusion of Forum 8, Mexico City, 16–20 November 2004. Available at: http://www.globalforumhealth.org/Forum8/Forum8-CDROM/Statement.html Last accessed on 28 July 2007. 4. World Health Organization. The Mexico Statement on Health Research: Knowledge for better health: strengthening health systems. From the Ministerial Summit on Health Research, Mexico City, 16–20 November 2004. Available at: http://www.who.int/rpc/summit/agenda/Mexico_Statement-English.pdf Last accessed on 28 July 2007. 5. Ghaffar A, IJsselmuiden C, Zicker F. Research capacity strengthening: a report based on a consultation jointly organized by the Council on Health Research for Development, Global Forum for Health Research and the UNICEF/WHO/World Bank/UNDP Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. 18–19 August 2005, Geneva, Switzerland. In press. 6. Burke MA, Monot JJ. Global financing and flows. In: de Francisco F, Matlin S, (eds.) Monitoring financial flows for health research 2006: The changing landscape of health research for development. Global Forum for Health Research, Geneva, Switzerland, 2006, pp. 33–62. URL: http://www.globalforumhealth.org/filesupld/monitoring_financial_flows_06/F inancial%20Flows%202006.pdf Last accessed 28 July 2007. 7. International health research (IHR):defined by Miller (see below) as health research and training carried out in LMICs by high-income countries (HICs), or sometimes carried out in other HICs, or research done domestically by HICs but on global issues. 8. Miller C. High-income Country Investors: Financial Flows for International Health Research. Global Forum for Health Research, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005. 9. Europe Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership: Background Note. 2003. Available at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/info/conferences/e dctp/pdf/background_en.pdf Last accessed 28 July 2007. 10. Cohen J. The New World of Global Health. Science (news feature), 2006, 311 (5758):162-167. 11. Leeder S et al. A Race against Time: The Challenge of Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Economies. Columbia University, New York; 2004. 12. Relman DA. Bioterrorism: preparing to fight the next war. N Eng J Med 2006; 354:113-115. 13. The Joint Learning Initiative. Human Resources for Health: Overcoming the Crisis. Harvard University Press, Boston, 2004. 14. World Health Organization. World Health Report 2006. URL: http://www.who.int/whr/2006/en/index.html Last accessed on 28 July 2007. 15. Dodani S, LaPorte RE. Brain drain from developing countries: how can brain drain be converted into wisdom gain? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2005, 98:487-91. 16. Sitthi-amorn C, Somrongthong R. Strengthening health research capacity in developing countries: a critical element for achieving health equity. British Medical Journal, 2000, 321:813-817. 17. Lansang MA, Dennis R. Building capacity in health research in the developing world. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2004, 82:764-770. 18. Block M, Mills A. Assessing capacity for health policy and systems research in low and middle income countries. Health Research Policy and Systems, 2003, 1 URL: http://www.health-policysystems.com/content/1/1/1 Last accessed on 28 July 2007. 19. Cilingiroglu N. Health, globalization and developing countries. Saudi Medical Journal, 2005, Feb;26(2):191-200. 20. Labonte R, Spiegel J. Setting global health research priorities. British Medical Journal 2003, 326:722-723. 21. Nuyens Y. No development without research: A challenge for research capacity strengthening. Global Forum for Health Research, Geneva, Switzerland; 2005. URL: http://www.globalforumhealth.org Last accessed on 28 July 2007. 22 Nuyens Y. 10 best resources for… health research capacity strengthening. Health Policy Plan 2007, 22:274-6. Epub 2007 June 21. 23 Sixtieth World Health Assembly. WHO’s roles and responsibilities in health research (Resolution WHA 60.15) URL: http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA60/A60_R15-en.pdf Last accessed on 28 July 2007. 24 PHRplus. The Systemwide Effects of the Fund (SWEF) Research Network. Available at: http://www.phrplus.org/swef.php Last accessed on 28 July 2007. 25 Katikireddi SV. HINARI. Bridging the global information divide. British Medical Journal, 2003, 328:1190-1193. Information on HINARI also available at: http://www.who.int/hinari/en Last accessed on 28 July 2007. 26 Momen H. Equitable access to scientific and technical information for health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2003, 81:700. Information on Biomed Central also available at: http://www.biomedcentral.com Last accessed on 28 July 2007. 27 Walker R et al. What it will take to create new Internet initiatives in health care. Journal of Medical Systems, 2003, 27:95-103. 28 El Balaa Z et al. Construction of an instrument for measuring medical student satisfaction with virtual campus. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 2005, 116:897-902. 29 Egea K, Zelmer AC. Managing large online classes across multiple locations. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 2004, 109:167-81. 30 The Academy of Sciences for the Developing World. Information available at: http://www.twas.org Last accessed on 28 July 2007. 31 Millennium Science Initiative. Current and Planned Initiatives. Information available at: http://www.msi-sig.org/msi/current.html Last accessed on 28 July 2007. 32 InterAcademy Council. Inventing a Better Future: Strategy for building worldwide capacities in science and technology. IAC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2004. 33 Nchinda TC. Research capacity strengthening in the South. Social Science and Medicine, 2002, 54:1699-711. 34 Willy Sutton was a 1930s outlaw who, when asked why he robbed banks, simply replied, “Because that’s where the money is.” Global Forum Update on Research for Health Volume 4 ✜ 127
Page 1 and 2:
Global Forum Update on Research for
Page 3 and 4:
Editorial Advisory Board: Luis Gabr
Page 5 and 6:
Contents 096 Child immunization: ac
Page 7 and 8:
Introduction Research contributions
Page 9 and 10:
Introduction Type I Type II Type II
Page 11 and 12:
Introduction making), takes account
Page 13 and 14:
Access to health Strengthening heal
Page 15 and 16:
Access to health raising public awa
Page 17 and 18:
Access to health Recent trends in r
Page 19 and 20:
Access to health districts with a p
Page 21 and 22:
Access to health Understanding heal
Page 23 and 24:
Access to health This study investi
Page 25 and 26:
Access to health References continu
Page 27 and 28:
Access to health combining particip
Page 29 and 30:
Access to health 2002 2005 Diff. SU
Page 31 and 32:
Access to health References continu
Page 33 and 34:
Access to health Americans think th
Page 35 and 36:
Access to health threatening and se
Page 37 and 38:
Access to health References 1. Worl
Page 39 and 40:
Access to health Open access to res
Page 41 and 42:
Access to health References 1. Rose
Page 43 and 44:
Access to health national and globa
Page 45 and 46:
Access to health Senior Research Fe
Page 47 and 48:
Access to health ✜ Rights alone a
Page 49 and 50:
Access to health meaningful communi
Page 51 and 52:
Access to health Inequality, margin
Page 53 and 54:
Access to health questions, develop
Page 55 and 56:
Access to health reasonable in abou
Page 57 and 58:
Access to health References 1. Kohn
Page 59 and 60: Access to health The diverse pathwa
Page 61 and 62: Access to health 2001, WTO ruled th
Page 63 and 64: Access to health knowledge and educ
Page 65 and 66: Access to health References 1. Lee
Page 67 and 68: Innovation 076 Towards the developm
Page 69 and 70: Innovation ✜ Creating a viable va
Page 71 and 72: Innovation Natural sciences and env
Page 73 and 74: Innovation References 1. Morel C et
Page 75 and 76: Innovation The changes in internati
Page 77 and 78: Innovation promoting health in deve
Page 79 and 80: Innovation efficiently converted in
Page 81 and 82: Innovation future global health fin
Page 83 and 84: Innovation References 1. See http:/
Page 85 and 86: Innovation Health system strengthen
Page 87 and 88: Innovation Being healthy: the role
Page 89 and 90: Innovation when much progress and a
Page 91 and 92: Innovation The role of Knowledge Tr
Page 93 and 94: Innovation knowledge - the “know
Page 95 and 96: Research resources 110 Research imp
Page 97 and 98: Decision-making implemented on a sm
Page 99 and 100: Research resources 30 27.5 25 20 19
Page 101 and 102: Research resources poliomyelitis an
Page 103 and 104: Research resources Nursing research
Page 105 and 106: Research resources utilization are
Page 107 and 108: Research resources The need to deve
Page 109: Research resources ✜ Health resea
Page 113 and 114: Research resources investigated the
Page 115 and 116: Research resources A new landscape
Page 117 and 118: Research resources 13 + 1*- HIV/AID
Page 119 and 120: Research resources References 1. Da
Page 121 and 122: Research resources international le
Page 123 and 124: Research resources Partnership dyna
Page 125 and 126: Research resources that many public
Page 127 and 128: Research resources compounds from m
Page 129 and 130: Research resources References 1. So
Page 131 and 132: Decision-making Delivering evidence
Page 133 and 134: Decision-making Equitable access: g
Page 135 and 136: Decision-making years’ experience
Page 137 and 138: Decision-making Policy-makers Compl
Page 139 and 140: Decision-making interview studies),
Page 141 and 142: Decision-making References 1. Haine
Page 143 and 144: Decision-making reviews in this fie
Page 145 and 146: Decision-making Inequities in healt
Page 147 and 148: Decision-making Deaths Crude death
Page 149 and 150: Decision-making Group I Group II Gr
Page 151 and 152: Decision-making Low- and middle-inc
Page 153 and 154: Decision-making Europe and Central
Page 155 and 156: Decision-making Europe and Central
Page 157 and 158: Decision-making References 1. Banni
Page 159 and 160: Decision-making irresponsible-to be
Page 161 and 162:
Decision-making Several strategies
Page 163:
To achieve better health, particula
show all

Combining health and social protection measures to reach the ultra ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?